Culture and Power in International Relations
Mohammad Hoossein
Jamshidi
عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
Farzaneh
Naghdi
ذانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2017
per
Material, hard power has been situated in the core of International studies in terms of power relaions and domination. After the Cold War, material power could no longer meet the needs of human communities. Nowadays, a different type of power, principles of which are based on identity and cultural-values, is more accredited. Culture and cultural ties are so integrated into the nation-states’ lives that international relations are currently defined through interaction of cultures. Successful Government is the one which affects nation-states’ preferences and interests and shapes the international order as well as shared discourse through instituting its own culture, values and ideology. Considering the role of power in establishment of international relationships, as well as the evolution of power from hard-to-soft, this article focuses on the investigation of one of the most important dimensions of soft power in relations among countries and its effects on enhancement of the states’ prestige and power in the international system. The main question is: “How would culture and cultural factors help the increase of power in international interactions among nation-states and organizations?” Collecting the library- based data and documented facts, the article, based on a descriptive- analytical approach, pinpoints cultural factors and explores the relationship between such fators and enhancement of states’ power. It discusses how states can affect semantic norms as well as valued discourses and manage their foreign relations in the pursuit of their own objectives and interests and, consequently, increase the states’ power of influence.
World Politics
University of Guilan
2383-0123
6
v.
1
no.
2017
7
46
https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_2385_0df51bf06a543d09def2e6c781fb9b9f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/wp.2017.2385
The Effect of Regional Security on behavioral of regional Security Complexes
Mohammad Reza
Dehshiri
دانشیار دانشکده روابط بین الملل وزارت امور خارجه
author
Seyed Mohammad
Hoosseini
دانشجوی دکتری روابط بینالملل دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
author
sarem
Shiravand
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات منطقهای دانشکده روابط بینالملل وزارت امور خارجه
author
Seyed Mostafa
Hoosseini
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیای دانشگاه زنجان
author
text
article
2017
per
Regional security and security complex theory that forms the central concepts of Copenhagen school and Barry Buzan and Weaver, consider the proximity and the interdependence of security in regional clusters very important. In other words, because of the importance of components such as openness, boundaries, anarchic structure, polarity and social construction, meme of security complex in different regions and adopt a solidarity approach among themselves and contrast with others has been prominent more than before. Accordingly, this research seeks to answer this question that what is the effect of regional security and security complex theory on regions meme and its security complex? The research hypothesis is that regional security based on components of intersubjective, power-security equation, defense – security, on one hand and security complex theory based on drawing friendship- enemy pattern, the importance of security regulations, make-up units and the distribution of power among them, on the other hand, drawing meme of security complex in regions. This paper based on descriptive and analytical methods and collecting information from library and Internet resources has checked the concept of regional security and based on the impact of these concepts on regions meme has achieved this result that the importance of security Protection in the Regions from actors and their imagination for self-defense on the basis of friendship and enmity and collaboration in terms of security regimes and finally the formation of mentality and their performance in term of security complex, leads to the application of these concepts.
World Politics
University of Guilan
2383-0123
6
v.
1
no.
2017
43
78
https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_2386_1448110dcbc4dbc17ca150838920c57f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/wp.2017.2386
Rittberger’s Theory Application on the Formation Process of International Organizations Case Study: European Union
Mohammad Javad
Ranjkesh
استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
Reza
Aghaei Mazraji
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2017
per
This study aims to assess the process of formation in European Union according to problem-oriented, cognitive as well as hegemonic approaches. Constructivist scholars believe in cognitive approach, which is based on shared ideational issues and images rather than mere emphasis on material forces and circumstances. It argues that formation of international institutions depends on the existence of a consensus of values and norms. Realist scholars believe in hegemonic approach. According to the approach, international organizations are nothing but expression of interests of dominant powers. Hegemonic states establish international regimes and organizations to develop its values and interests within the international system. Problem-oriented approach has been expressed in the context of liberal viewpoints. According to this approach, establishing international organizations is resulted from cooperation among member states for solving shared problems, which begins with cooperation in economic issues, and may ultimately involve political matters as well. As Rittberger’s theory is a general theory which argues that it can explain the formation of different types of organizations, thus forthcoming question in this study is: which parameters are the outcome of applying Rittberger’s theory on the process of formation in European Union within the aforementioned positions or approaches? It seems that universal principles and norms, the role of hegemonic powers as well as the need for a solution to solving common problem and cooperation among European states has influenced the formation and development of EU .The method of collecting data is based on library sources and the method for analyzing data is descriptive-analytical
World Politics
University of Guilan
2383-0123
6
v.
1
no.
2017
79
101
https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_2387_005350cffe77aceb3951f282e20179e6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/wp.2017.2387
Trump's Invasive multilateral ism in NATO's Strategic Action
Zohreh
Postinchi
استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، رودهن، ایران.
author
text
article
2017
per
US President D. Trump insists the "honest" European contribution to the Transatlantic alliance and, notably, to fulfill the obligation to increase military spending to 2% of GDP by 2024. D. Trump removes it into a category of unconditional obligations. In Europe, fears have increased that it can provoke the erosion of the American role and guarantees, weakening Transatlantic unity and NATO’s role, disunite the European allies themselves. Yet, the European allies are hardly willing and able to increase their real defense budgets, so the "2% issue" has challenged the US-European relations, American "responsible leadership" and the NATO coherent policy
World Politics
University of Guilan
2383-0123
6
v.
1
no.
2017
103
124
https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_2388_ba8653a910289e0ab81e8a531f2d9405.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/wp.2017.2388
Discourse positions and the foreign policy orientations of Islamic Republic of Iran
Ardeshir
Sanaei
استادیار روابط بین الملل دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی
author
Reza
Hojat Shamami
دانشجوی دکترای علوم سیاسی (گرایش ایران) دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی
author
text
article
2017
per
With the change of governments in I.R.I, the policies will lead to specified rotations, while are in a massive discourse of Islamic Revolution. So what background leads them to different policies? Are backgrounds emerged from the views of identity involved in that? In this article the main reasons for differences in approaches in the field of foreign policy more than anything else is the result of identity views. Therefore, the issues of identity of ancient Iran, issues of Islam-Shiite and modern era effect on the governments. Important issue is in which government, which backgrounds of identity is more pivotal and determines main political behavior? The theory of this article is selected as discourse to represent difference in government approaches formed from 1376 to 1394 to show identity roots of governments. Based on this notion the “main question” of article is “what’s been the effect of Identity politics of governments on IRI’s foreign policy approaches in years from 1376 to 1394?” The “hypothesis” is “Identity politics of governments which’s been effected by background, historical identity, political tastes and orientation between 1376 to 1394, has been led to make different approaches in Iran foreign policy”
World Politics
University of Guilan
2383-0123
6
v.
1
no.
2017
125
159
https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_2389_f0da209c0f991f16805535ddffea6e10.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/wp.2017.2389
Human Rights, the victim of terrorism and of mechanisms to combat it
Majid
Bozorgmehri
دانشیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره
author
Mahsa
Kiarostami
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)
author
text
article
2017
per
Terrorism clearly has a very real and direct impact on human rights, with devastating consequences for the enjoyment of the right to life, liberty and physical integrity of victims. In addition to these individual costs, terrorism can destabilize Governments, undermine civil society, jeopardize peace and security, and threaten social and economic development. All of these also have a real impact on the enjoyment of human rights . In recent years, however, the measures adopted by States to counter terrorism have themselves often posed serious challenges to human rights and the rule of law. Some States have engaged in torture and other ill-treatment to counter terrorism, while the legal and practical safeguards available to prevent torture, such as regular and independent monitoring of detention centers, have often been disregarded This paper has been prepared with the aim of strengthening understanding of the complex and multifaceted relationship between human rights and terrorism. It identifies some of the critical human rights issues raised in the context of terrorism and highlights the relevant human rights principles and standards which must be respected at all times and in particular in the context of counter-terrorism. Based on two theoretical debates, i.e realism and constructivism, we have developed our discussion. The research is characterized with an analytical –descriptive method.
World Politics
University of Guilan
2383-0123
6
v.
1
no.
2017
131
158
https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_2390_9730993913ab5b1aaaf9dc0a4d199d4c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/wp.2017.2390
Local Government and Political Development, Case Studies of Iran
Mansor
Abyar
دانشجوی دکترای علوم سیاسی دانشگاه اصفهان
author
Hoossein
Masuodnia
دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه اصفهان
author
Amir Masud
Shahramnia
استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه اصفهان
author
text
article
2017
per
Development policies today tend to prioritize intervention at a local level. From this close perspective on people’s living conditions, the whole spectrum of government action, from exercising democracy to providing public services and ensuring economic progress, can be taken into account. This is where the everyday impacts of democracy, the rule of law and development are felt and it is the most relevant level for a partnership between the various actors involved in achieving these. Decentralization, that is, the transfer of responsibilities from the State to local governments, is an adapted means of “re-legitimizing” government action, at a time when the latter is sometimes challenged, through the establishment of institutions that are closer to the citizens, fostering their participation in public life and encouraging the authorities, through their proximity with the citizens, to accept greater accountability for their work. It is also an opportunity to implement policies that are better adapted to the needs of the people, particularly in terms of basic services, and to generate local economic momentum to boost national development.
World Politics
University of Guilan
2383-0123
6
v.
1
no.
2017
159
193
https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_2391_52b43f424f60d5bdb50057d8f13629d5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/wp.2017.2391
Impact of Ankara's domestic policy on the Kurdish issue on Turkey-Iraq relations
Ziaoldin
Saburi
پژوهشگر روابط بینالملل، دبیر انجمن ایرانی روابط بینالملل
author
Hamed
Alinejad
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد دیپلماسی و سازمان های بین المللی، دانشکده روابط بین الملل وزارت امور خارجه
author
text
article
2017
per
Turkey has a century-old problem with its Kurdish population. It is argued that this could change with the Justice and Development Party (AKP) because of their approach to the ‘Kurdish issue’. Yet today as it can be seen, the problem remains on the agenda of the Turkish Foreign Policy (TFP). Baskin Oran, a prominent academic who previously supported the foreign policies of the AKP, disscus that Turkey is worse than in the 1990s in relations to ‘Kurdish issue’. In addition to the domestic developments, there is a Kurdish formation in the northern part of Syria supported by the US and other powers that is perceived as a threat by the AKP elites. Therefore, it can be said that ‘Kurdish issue’ is not restricted by internal affair in this article invastigated the Impact of Ankara's domestic policy on the Kurdish issue on Turkey-Iraq relations
World Politics
University of Guilan
2383-0123
6
v.
1
no.
2017
195
224
https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_2394_ea46b75f9546e364393500c238e115d6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/wp.2017.2394
Expediency and Realism in political thinks of Machiavelli and Nizam al-moulk
Mohammad Javad
Sam Khanbanei
دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه گیلان
author
Abas
Khaefei
دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه گیلان
author
text
article
2017
per
What was highlighted by Machiavelli, the great political thinker in fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Italy was that how we can save Italy and Florence from destruction and ruination by some systematic procedures. Therefore, Machiavelli paid attention to realism and expediency in his theories as two main bases in political affairs. It should be noted that Nizam al-Moulk has also discussed politics with regard to realism and expediency and accordingly, has attempted to integrate the Seljuk realm. Devoting a great deal of attention to the political organization and systematizing it reveals his modern viewpoints to the politics. However, what was achieved by Machiavelli's theory was the formation of national unity and the common good, but in Nizam al-Moulk`s perspective, a tendency toward authoritarianism and personal interests was claimed which has been the dominated political way of thinking in Iran for a long time. In this paper, in addition to the similar ideas in Machiavelli`s thinking system and Nizam al-Moulk`s opinions, the differences will also be mentioned.In fact it shuld be remembered that in spite of broad cultural differences between iranian institutionalistic thought and western rationalism there are many similarities between khajeh and machiavelli.
World Politics
University of Guilan
2383-0123
6
v.
1
no.
2017
225
255
https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_2392_f3805d2e248a781b199fc839c2e20156.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22124/wp.2017.2392