University of GuilanWorld Politics2383-01231220130701Role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Security Building in AfghanistanRole of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Security Building in Afghanistan6184731FAElahehKoolaeeMandanaTisheyarJournal Article19700101For the new and rising powers of the world, security and stability building have gained strategic importance. As the strategic hearth of the world, Eurasia has experienced events that could make destabilized regions around of it and make difficult gaining security. So some security considerations of this region are increased. With respect to the realities of the region, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has tries to play an influential role in security and stability building in this region, based on a regional cooperation framework. In this article the means and leverages of this organization to reach this end will be examined. The authors try to show how SCO can use its capacities to solve security problems and obstacles of the region, especially in Afghanistan? And how it can create suitable opportunities for regional cooperation? How its activities in Afghanistan can help to expand regional and international political cooperation?For the new and rising powers of the world, security and stability building have gained strategic importance. As the strategic hearth of the world, Eurasia has experienced events that could make destabilized regions around of it and make difficult gaining security. So some security considerations of this region are increased. With respect to the realities of the region, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has tries to play an influential role in security and stability building in this region, based on a regional cooperation framework. In this article the means and leverages of this organization to reach this end will be examined. The authors try to show how SCO can use its capacities to solve security problems and obstacles of the region, especially in Afghanistan? And how it can create suitable opportunities for regional cooperation? How its activities in Afghanistan can help to expand regional and international political cooperation?https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_731_0302aad57194f1a48beaaff4fc81160b.pdfUniversity of GuilanWorld Politics2383-01231220130701Studying the Prophet Muhammad Obscene Cartoons in Danish Newspapers from Constructivism Point of ViewStudying the Prophet Muhammad Obscene Cartoons in Danish Newspapers from Constructivism Point of View959732FARezaSimbarMehdiZibaeiJournal Article19700101As the result of publishing the Prophet Muhammad scornful cartoons in European newspapers in 2005, many events had taken place that caused attracted the International level attentions. In meanwhile, after long time of that incident and with regard to the differences between Islamism and Westerns points of view, rational theories (neorealism and neoliberalism) as dominant theories in International relations could not analyse cartoons crisis. Thus, it seems that social constructivism theory with regard to paying sufficient attention to rules, norms, identity or social relations as effecting factors could be able to give entire interpretation about the Prophet Muhammad teasing cartoons. This essay is a case study that shows the productivity of constructivism in International system and relations. In this writing we will illustrate how religion as an identity leads to make a constructed and coherent entity among Muslims countries in opposite of the west.As the result of publishing the Prophet Muhammad scornful cartoons in European newspapers in 2005, many events had taken place that caused attracted the International level attentions. In meanwhile, after long time of that incident and with regard to the differences between Islamism and Westerns points of view, rational theories (neorealism and neoliberalism) as dominant theories in International relations could not analyse cartoons crisis. Thus, it seems that social constructivism theory with regard to paying sufficient attention to rules, norms, identity or social relations as effecting factors could be able to give entire interpretation about the Prophet Muhammad teasing cartoons. This essay is a case study that shows the productivity of constructivism in International system and relations. In this writing we will illustrate how religion as an identity leads to make a constructed and coherent entity among Muslims countries in opposite of the west.https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_732_1d82049089e8eccf1d316c6466e129e1.pdfUniversity of GuilanWorld Politics2383-01231220130701The Evolution of the Use of Veto Right in United Nation Security CouncilThe Evolution of the Use of Veto Right in United Nation Security Council85143733FARezaMousazadehArsalanJamshidiJournal Article19700101This study suggests that the way of using the Right of Veto in the UN Security Council has always been affected by the evolution of relations and the balance of power among its permanent members. Therefore, during the Cold War, regarding hostility and animosity between the permanent members in the framework of the Bipolar World and their less possibility and tendency for cooperation and consultation in the Security Council, there was a widespread use of their Right of Veto in the public meetings of the Security Council. This above mentioned way of using the Right of Veto after the end of the Cold War has been transformed through the collapse of the former Soviet Union, reducing the hostilities and animosities between the permanent members, more possibility and tendency for cooperation and consultation in the Security Council, the appeasement of the permanent members towards each other and the development of objections and claims to the Right of Veto; a transformation that has shown its impacts in two ways: First, high reduction of the number of the open or real vetoes in the UN Security Council public meetings and Second, increase in the use of the hidden veto, mainly in the UN Security Council informal consultations.This study suggests that the way of using the Right of Veto in the UN Security Council has always been affected by the evolution of relations and the balance of power among its permanent members. Therefore, during the Cold War, regarding hostility and animosity between the permanent members in the framework of the Bipolar World and their less possibility and tendency for cooperation and consultation in the Security Council, there was a widespread use of their Right of Veto in the public meetings of the Security Council. This above mentioned way of using the Right of Veto after the end of the Cold War has been transformed through the collapse of the former Soviet Union, reducing the hostilities and animosities between the permanent members, more possibility and tendency for cooperation and consultation in the Security Council, the appeasement of the permanent members towards each other and the development of objections and claims to the Right of Veto; a transformation that has shown its impacts in two ways: First, high reduction of the number of the open or real vetoes in the UN Security Council public meetings and Second, increase in the use of the hidden veto, mainly in the UN Security Council informal consultations.https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_733_1d171dd74a8eca11af713e7cbf451ecf.pdfUniversity of GuilanWorld Politics2383-01231220130701Middle East Identity of TurkeyMiddle East Identity of Turkey145172734FAHosseinDaheshiarJournal Article19700101Turkey’s unilateral perspective in foreign policy has been unchallengeable for decades. From 1923 forward, a Western kind perspective has dominated its foreign policy approach to the region and the world. This Western approach led to ignoring two things in regional foreign policy, its own values, and its own identity. These two important capitals, means Turkey’s special geopolitical location and its Islamic religious identity, has not been planned in its global and regional policies.
From mid eighties onward, and especially after the Cold War era, when the power structure of the country transferred, Ankara has attended its religious identity and specific geopolitical position in the Middle East. Awakening of Social movements in Arab Middle East has been a double force for strengthening of these factors. The main subject of this paper emphasizes those forces that lead. to increasing and active role of Turkey in the Middle East. The main hypothesis is that Turkey’s government Islamism and parallel foreign policy with America are two main reasons that led to give more roles to its own identity beside its Western approach to Middle East policy.Turkey’s unilateral perspective in foreign policy has been unchallengeable for decades. From 1923 forward, a Western kind perspective has dominated its foreign policy approach to the region and the world. This Western approach led to ignoring two things in regional foreign policy, its own values, and its own identity. These two important capitals, means Turkey’s special geopolitical location and its Islamic religious identity, has not been planned in its global and regional policies.
From mid eighties onward, and especially after the Cold War era, when the power structure of the country transferred, Ankara has attended its religious identity and specific geopolitical position in the Middle East. Awakening of Social movements in Arab Middle East has been a double force for strengthening of these factors. The main subject of this paper emphasizes those forces that lead. to increasing and active role of Turkey in the Middle East. The main hypothesis is that Turkey’s government Islamism and parallel foreign policy with America are two main reasons that led to give more roles to its own identity beside its Western approach to Middle East policy.https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_734_c8cb51f0a89ce43a6dd351670a4fe1fb.pdfUniversity of GuilanWorld Politics2383-01231220130701The Similarities and Differences Between Liberation Theology and Political IslamThe Similarities and Differences Between Liberation Theology and Political Islam173195735FAHosseinMasoudniaElaheSaldoorgarJournal Article19700101Political Islam and liberation theology as religious movements have been shaped in response to poverty, authoritarianism and injustice in third world countries. The thinkers of these movements are mostly clerics who claim that religions have social dimensions. Accordingly, they argue that religious people have social responsibilities so that their beliefs lead them to revolt against capitalism and injustice. The present paper while assuming that both movements are anti colonialism, examines the similarities and differences between these movements.Political Islam and liberation theology as religious movements have been shaped in response to poverty, authoritarianism and injustice in third world countries. The thinkers of these movements are mostly clerics who claim that religions have social dimensions. Accordingly, they argue that religious people have social responsibilities so that their beliefs lead them to revolt against capitalism and injustice. The present paper while assuming that both movements are anti colonialism, examines the similarities and differences between these movements.https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_735_568c20506c2596b7f3d6fe86b4fc1910.pdfUniversity of GuilanWorld Politics2383-01231220130701Middle East Recent Developments and Future of Islamic Rrevolution of Iran DiscourseMiddle East Recent Developments and Future of Islamic Rrevolution of Iran Discourse233269736FAMuhammad JavadHaratiJournal Article19700101The influences of Middle east recent developments on Islamic revolution of Iran Discourse is one of important issue for study .the main question of present article is about The influences of Middle east recent developments on Islamic revolution of Iran Discourse. Article try to answer to this question by future studies methods and applying scenario writing, the author tries to address this question .author explain three scenarios about the future of Iran. Article will argue that the third scenario will be more probable. The author concludes that Middle East recent developments will have positive.
effect on future of Islamic revolution of Iran Discourse.The influences of Middle east recent developments on Islamic revolution of Iran Discourse is one of important issue for study .the main question of present article is about The influences of Middle east recent developments on Islamic revolution of Iran Discourse. Article try to answer to this question by future studies methods and applying scenario writing, the author tries to address this question .author explain three scenarios about the future of Iran. Article will argue that the third scenario will be more probable. The author concludes that Middle East recent developments will have positive.
effect on future of Islamic revolution of Iran Discourse.https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_736_2a3d3fbf38be084544ec66b18c5ab854.pdfUniversity of GuilanWorld Politics2383-01231220130701The Explanation of Theoretical, Meta Theoretical and Disputative Aspects of GlobalizationThe Explanation of Theoretical, Meta Theoretical and Disputative Aspects of Globalization27131473710.22124/wp.2013.737FAAmir MasoodShahramniaAzamKhaniJournal Article19700101Globalization has been examined from different points of view. Meanwhile, the examination of ontology and epistemology of globalization is very important. That which subjects should be included in globalization literature is the most important aspect of the ontology of globalization. In this respect, the actors of globalization, its historical aspects and its terminology are the main subjects. From the epistemological perspective, the three methods of positivism, post positivism and normative should be emphasized. The present paper explores the theoretical debates between different and competing approaches. The purpose of the present paper is to answer the following question: how has the Meta theoretical discussions of globalization affected the theoretical approaches? The method of the research is analytical descriptive.Globalization has been examined from different points of view. Meanwhile, the examination of ontology and epistemology of globalization is very important. That which subjects should be included in globalization literature is the most important aspect of the ontology of globalization. In this respect, the actors of globalization, its historical aspects and its terminology are the main subjects. From the epistemological perspective, the three methods of positivism, post positivism and normative should be emphasized. The present paper explores the theoretical debates between different and competing approaches. The purpose of the present paper is to answer the following question: how has the Meta theoretical discussions of globalization affected the theoretical approaches? The method of the research is analytical descriptive.https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_737_940f40d847acc6216c2d7409dc559747.pdfUniversity of GuilanWorld Politics2383-01231220130701Identitism in Foreign Policy of the United States and Its Impact on Iran's Nuclear Program (2001-2008)Identitism in Foreign Policy of the United States and Its Impact on Iran's Nuclear Program (2001-2008)197232738FAAhmadJansizJournal Article197001019/11 is considered the inception of a new era in the international relations. This event put some concepts such as identity, terrorism, weapons of mass destruction and rouge states at top of the international agenda and a hostile relation between the United States security and the identity of those states has been formed. After 9/11, the main danger, from the United States' viewpoint, is the identity of rouge states which have targeted the country's interests and values. In case these states have access to key technologies especially nuclear capability, they will be a security-identity threat which should be removed with a pre-emptive attack. Given the above-mentioned facts, it is hypothesized that identitism in the United States foreign policy after 9/11 is the main reason why the United States has opposed Iran's nuclear program (2001-2008)..9/11 is considered the inception of a new era in the international relations. This event put some concepts such as identity, terrorism, weapons of mass destruction and rouge states at top of the international agenda and a hostile relation between the United States security and the identity of those states has been formed. After 9/11, the main danger, from the United States' viewpoint, is the identity of rouge states which have targeted the country's interests and values. In case these states have access to key technologies especially nuclear capability, they will be a security-identity threat which should be removed with a pre-emptive attack. Given the above-mentioned facts, it is hypothesized that identitism in the United States foreign policy after 9/11 is the main reason why the United States has opposed Iran's nuclear program (2001-2008)..https://interpolitics.guilan.ac.ir/article_738_75b12119bd505a3f0686b8cb104d5ba1.pdf