از قدرت نرم تا قدرت سخت؛ تحول در سیاست خارجی ترکیه در دوره حزب عدالت و توسعه در قبال خاورمیانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای روابط بین الملل، گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل،گروه روابط بین الملل، پردیس دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

پس از روی کار آمدن حزب عدالت و توسعه در سال 2002، از سیاست سنتی غرب‌گرایی ترکیه تا حدودی عدول شده و سیاست فعال منطقه‌ای اتخاذ گردید. تا تحولات بهار عربی در سال 2011، سیاست خارجی ترکیه مطابق با سیاست نوعثمان‌گرایی و نفوذ بر اساس قدرت نرم ادامه یافت. از سال 2011 به بعد شکل‌دهی به نظم در حال ظهور منطقه به اولویت اصلی ترکیه تبدیل شد. با وقوع کودتای نافرجام سال 2016، سیاست خارجی حزب در قبال خاورمیانه نسبت به قبل مستقل‌تر، عملگراتر و نظامی‌تر گردید. پژوهش حاضر قصد دارد این تغییرات در سیاست منطقه‌ای ترکیه را با روش ردیابی فرایند مورد بررسی قرار دهد. پرسش این است: تغییرات سریع و آشکار سیاست خارجی حزب عدالت و توسعه در قبال خاورمیانه، از به‌کارگیری قدرت نرم تا استفاده از ابزار نظامی، چگونه قابل تبیین است؟ ردیابی فرایند نشان می‌دهد که از سال 2002 تا 2024 نشانه‌های آشکاری از یک سیاست خارجی واقع‌گرایانه بروز یافته است. در تمام این مدت منفعت محوری، فرصت‌طلبی، عمل‌گرایی و ملی‌گرایی مبنای سیاست‌های نخبگان حزب عدالت و توسعه قرار داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

From soft power to hard power; The evolution of Turkey's foreign policy during the period of the Justice and Development Party towards the Middle East

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abouzar Omrani 1
  • Reza Majdi 2
1 PhD in International Relations, Department of International Relations, Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Doctoral student of International Relations, Department of International Relations, Tehran University Campus, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

After the Justice and Development Party came to power in 2002, the traditional policy of westernization of Turkey was somewhat deviated and an active regional foreign policy was adopted. Until the Arab Spring developments in 2011, Turkey's foreign policy towards the Middle East continued based on the policy of neo-Ottomanism and influence based on soft power. From 2011 onwards, shaping the emerging order of the region became Turkey's main priority. After the coup in 2016, the Party's foreign policy became more independent, pragmatic and militaristic than before. The study aims to investigate these changes with the method of process tracing, the question is: How can the changes in the foreign policy of Party towards the Middle East, from the use of soft power to the use of military tools, be explained? Tracing the process shows that from 2002 to 2024, there were clear signs of a realistic foreign policy. In all this time, interest-centeredness, opportunism, pragmatism and nationalism have been the basis of the policies of the elites of the Justice and Development Party.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Justice and Development Party
  • Recep Tayyip Erdogan
  • Turkish Foreign Policy
  • Neoclassical Realism
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