تبیین زمینه ها و الزامات حکمرانی جهانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار سیاستگذاری عمومی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

چکیده

«استانداردها، هنجارها، ظرفیت‌های دولتی و سازمان‌های بین‌المللی» همراه با «هماهنگی اقدامات، حل مشکلات فراملی و مدیریت تعارض» عناصر اصلی حکمرانی جهانی را تشکیل می‌دهند.جهانی‌شدن به عنوان وابستگی متقابل فزاینده بین کشورها و مردم در سراسر جهان، نیاز به حکمرانی جهانی را جهت تسهیل اقدامات مشارکتی در برابر مسائل زیست‌محیطی، اقتصادی و سیاسی که ملل مختلف را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد، تشدید کرده است. از هم‌گسیختگی کارکردهای اساسی دولت، تکه‌تکه شدن هویت‌های فرهنگی و پیکربندی مجدد فضاهای اجتماعی، اقتصادی و سیاسی از دیگر مسائلی است که ضرورت تدبیر برای برقراری حکمرانی جهانی را ایجاب می‌کند. پذیرش مفهوم حکمرانی جهانی و تلاش در جهت برقراری آن نیازمند زمینه‌ها و الزاماتی است که این مقاله به آن می‌پردازد. تعیین نسبت میان نهادهای بین المللی و رژیم‌های بین المللی با مفهوم حکمرانی جهانی و همچنین توافق بر مشروعیت سازوکارهای حکمرانی جهانی از جمله این موراد است. همچنین نقش شبکه‌های بازیگران دولتی و غیردولتی در سطوح ملی و فراملی و توسعه مفاهیمی مانند شهروندی جهانی از دیگر زمینه‌هایی است که در ارتباط با حکمرانی جهانی در این مقاله مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the context and requirements of global governance

نویسنده [English]

  • ali khajeh naieni
Assistant Professor of Public Policy at Allameh Tabatabai University
چکیده [English]

Globalization, as the increasing interdependence of nations and populations around the world, has intensified the need for global governance to facilitate collaborative action on environmental, economic, and political issues affecting nations. The disintegration of the basic functions of the state and the growth of uneven levels, the fragme are aishment of global governance. "Standards, norms, government capacities and international organizations" along with "coordination of actions, solving transnational problems and conflict management" constitute the main elements of global governance. But accepting the concept of global governance and trying to establish it requires the fields and requirements that this article deals with. Determining the relationship between international institutions and international regimes with the concept of global governance and also agreeing on the legitimacy of global governance mechanisms is one of these matters. Also, the role of networks of governmental and non-governmental actors at the national and transnational levels and the development of concepts such as global citizenship and global responsibility are other topics that are discussed in connection with global governance in this article.

Introduction

Globalization, as the increasing interdependence of nations and populations around the world, has intensified the need for global governance to facilitate collaborative action on environmental, economic, and political issues affecting nations. The disintegration of the basic functions of the state and the growth of uneven levels, the fragmentation of cultural identities and the reconfiguration of social, economic and political spaces are among other issues that require the necessity of planning for the establishment of global governance. Humanity has entered a new era in which nation-states can no longer be the sole guardians of security. Other authors also argue that humanity needs a world government to solve urgent problems that are transnational in nature—such as climate change, migration, financial instability, or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction—and that require global governance.

Theoretical Framework

Global governance can be understood as guiding the behavior of actors towards a single or common goal through the setting of rules, standards, and guidelines, or through targeted support. The transition from government to governance at the local and international levels is also characterized by a wide range of benefits and challenges. The benefits of governance include the ability to manage complex issues by involving all actors involved, integrating the knowledge, experience, and other assets of different actors, and overcoming differences and conflicts through cooperation and decision-making in a non-hierarchical and participatory manner. Modern global governance transcends nation-state boundaries and is not bound by territorial lines. Global governance is a type of global order that emerges when states, international organizations, and non-state actors voluntarily engage in discussions to create and enforce norms and rules that all parties are bound to observe.
3.Methodology
The method of collecting sources in this article is library and descriptive analytical method is used to review and analyze the materials.

Results & Discussion

"Standards, norms, government capacities and international organizations" along with "coordination of actions, solving transnational problems and conflict management" constitute the main elements of global governance. But accepting the concept of global governance and trying to establish it requires the fields and requirements that this article deals with. Determining the relationship between international institutions and international regimes with the concept of global governance and also agreeing on the legitimacy of global governance mechanisms is one of these matters. Also, the role of networks of governmental and non-governmental actors at the national and transnational levels and the development of concepts such as global citizenship and global responsibility are other topics that are discussed in connection with global governance in this article.

Conclusions & Suggestions

This study examines the context and requirements of global governance by analyzing the content of existing sources and focusing on different dimensions of this emerging concept. The elements of global governance include standards, norms, capacities of governments and international organizations, and coordination of actions, solving transnational problems, and managing conflict through joint cooperation. To strengthen the foundations and mechanisms of global governance, new concepts must be used, and the use of some existing theoretical structures such as international regimes for this purpose faces challenges. The intergovernmental and inter-governmental nature, ignoring transnational relations, emphasizing the vertical architecture of international and multi-level governance (rather than horizontal), and disregarding international norms and discourses and low-level interactions are among these challenges. Another conceptual challenge of global governance is legitimacy. Successful governance requires the consent and acceptance of those whose activities are monitored, but it is claimed that emerging global standards and norms are shaped by the interests and values ​​of industrialized countries and are therefore not legitimate. To address this issue, a new conceptualization of legitimacy based on the input, output, and operational levels of legitimacy was developed. Another requirement for global governance is to utilize the capacity of policy networks with functions such as joint networking, decision-making, coordination, and cooperation between multi-level and multi-sectoral actors. Finally, the development of conceptual capacities of "global citizenship," including "united citizens' organizations," as a cultural requirement for establishing global governance and the challenges of using them were examined, and proposed principles and rules were presented.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Global governance
  • interdependence
  • networls
  • global citizenship

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