دموکراسی در منظومه فکری علی شریعتی؛ با تاکید بر روش شناسی کوئینتن اسکینر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی- مسائل ایران، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

امروزه دموکراسی به‌عنوان مطلوب‌ترین شیوۀ زیست سیاسی مطرح شده است و همه نظام‌های سیاسی برای کسب مشروعیت و تداوم حیات خود از برچسب دموکراسی سود می‌جویند و با ایجاد بعضی از نهادهای سیاسی دموکراتیک مدعی چنین حقانیت و مشروعیتی هستند. با وجود این، هر متفکری سعی در ارائه تعریفی خاص از آن را دارد. در این جستار سعی می‌شود دموکراسی در آراء و اندیشه دکتر علی شریعتی به عنوان یک روشنفکر دینی، در چارچوب روش‌شناسی هرمنوتیک اسکینر بررسی شود. شریعتی در اندیشه‌های خود دو نوع دموکراسی را مورد توجه قرار می‌دهد: یکی دموکراسی آزاد و دیگری دموکراسی متعهد. دموکراسی آزاد همان است که با راٌی مردم روی کار می‌آید و تعهدی جز آنچه مردم می‌خواهند ندارد. دموکراسی متعهد حکومت گروهی است که می‌خواهد بر اساس یک برنامه انقلابی مترقی افراد را، بینش افراد را، زبان و فرهنگ مردم را، روابط اجتماعی و سطح زندگی مردم و شکل جامعه را دگرگون کند و به بهترین شکلش براند. ایشان با ارائه فهم و تفسیری متفاوت از دموکراسی، تحت عنوان دموکراسی متعهد که بر اساس سازوارۀ برآمده از کلیت «اسلام مدرن شیعی» است تأثیر بسزایی در گفتمان‌های فکری و سیاسی جریان‌های انقلابی منتهی به انقلاب 1357 داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Democracy in the intellectual system of Ali Shariati; Emphasizing Quinten Skinner's methodology

نویسندگان [English]

  • zekrollah manafi 1
  • ehsan shakeri 2
  • alireza esmailzad 2
1 PhD student in political science-Iranian issues, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, democracy has been proposed as the most desirable way of political life, and all political systems benefit from the label of democracy in order to gain legitimacy and continue their existence, and by creating some democratic political institutions, they claim such legitimacy and legitimacy. Despite this, every thinker tries to provide a specific definition of it. In this essay, we try to examine democracy in the opinions and thoughts of Dr. Ali Shariati as a religious intellectual, in the framework of Skinner's hermeneutic methodology. In his thoughts, Shariati focuses on two types of democracy: one is free democracy and the other is committed democracy. Free democracy is the one that comes to work with the people's vote and has no commitment other than what the people want. Democracy is committed to the government of a group that wants to transform people, people's vision, people's language and culture, social relations and people's living standards and the form of society and drive it to its best form based on a progressive revolutionary program. By presenting a different understanding and interpretation of democracy, under the title of committed democracy, which is based on the mechanism emerging from the totality of "modern Shia Islam", he had a significant impact on the intellectual and political discourses of the revolutionary currents leading to the 1357 revolution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Democracy
  • committed democracy
  • Shariati
  • Skinner
  • hermeneutics

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