پیامدهای کُنش شبه‌نظامیان صدر در جایگاه نیروهای دفاعی کمکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش آموخته دکتری روابط بین‌الملل واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تشکیل نیروهای کمکی در عراق پدیده‌ای است که پس از سقوط رژیم بعث در قالب تعداد پرشماری از شبه‌نظامیان وابسته به احزاب و جنبش‌های سیاسی ظاهر شد. این ساختارها، پس از سال 2014 به دلیل ضعف نیروهای امنیتی عراق در مبارزه با داعش، به شکل پیچیده‌ای رشد کردند. این گروه‌ها، به دلیل برخورداری از رویکردهای قومی- مذهبی افراطی و مشارکت در کش‌مکش‌های سیاسی به عاملی برای تهدید امنیت شهروندان و شکست اقتدار دولت تبدیل شدند. در این میان شبه‌نظامیان وابسته به جنبش صدر به دلیل برخورداری از پایگاه اجتماعی گسترده، رهبری ‌کاریزماتک و مشارکت جنبش صدر در ساختار قدرت سیاسی عراق از جایگاهی ویژه برخوردارند. بنابراین دلایل تشکیل شبه‌نظامیان صدر، رویکرد دولت‌ به آنها، و ابعاد و سطح تهدید احتمالی این شبه‌نظامیان برای دولت و شهروندان این کشور از مسائل مهم نیازمند بررسی هستند. مجموعه این مسائل می‌تواند در قالب این سؤال اصلی تظاهر یابد که تشکیل شبه‌نظامیان صدر متکی به چه دلایلی بوده است؟ همچنین این سؤال فرعی مطرح است که شبه‌نظامیان صدر برای دولت و شهروندان دارای چه ابعادی از تهدید بودند؟ این مقاله براین فرضیه استوار است که تهدید امنیت در عراق نه به عنوان علت ظهور شبه‌نظامیان صدر، بلکه به عنوان عامل مشروعیت‌بخش به حضور آنها ایفای نقش کرد و به پوششی برای تأمین منافع سیاسی جنبش صدر تبدیل شد و به موازات آن تضعیف گسترده اقتدار دستگاه‌های رسمی دولتی و تهدید ثبات سیاسی عراق را به دنبال داشت. پژوهش ارائه شده در این مقاله با اتکاء به روش «تحلیل روند تاریخی» انجام شده است

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Consequences of the Sadr Paramilitary’s Actions In the Position of Auxiliary Defense Forces

نویسنده [English]

  • Amirhamed Azad
PhD student of International Relations, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The formation of auxiliary defense forces in Iraq took the form of a large number of militias affiliated with political parties and movements following the fall of the Baath regime. Because of the Iraqi security forces weakness in the fight against ISIS after 2014, these structures grew in a complex form. Militias affiliated with the Sadr movement have a special place among them in the interim. For reasons such as excessive ethnic-sectarian approaches and participation in political conflicts, these groups have become a threat to citizens' security and a failure of government authority.
As a result, the reasons for Sadr's militia formation, the government's approach to them, and the extent and level of the potential threat posed by these militias to the government and citizens of this country are critical issues that must be investigated.
Based on the above-mentioned issues, the main research question is "What were the reasons for the formation of Sadr's militias?" and the secondary question is “To what extent do the militias threaten the government and citizens?” This article was based on the hypothesis that the threat to security in Iraq was not the cause of the rise of Sadr's militias, but rather served as a legitimizing factor for their presence and served as a cover for securing the political interests of the Sadr movement, while also widely undermining the authority of official government bodies and endangering Iraq's political stability. The "historical trend analysis Method" was employed in this study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • auxiliary forces
  • pro-government militias
  • Sadr paramilitaries
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