قطر و بحرین، دو تجربه کاملا متفاوت از ثبات سیاسی پس از بهار عربی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی تحلیلی- توصیفی و با روش جامعه شناسی تاریخی، با بهره‌گیری از مبانی نظری مرتبط با مفهوم ثبات و بی‌ثباتی سیاسی به دنبال پاسخگویی به این سئوال بوده است که چرا دو کشور بحرین و قطر، با وجود برخی ویژگی های مشترک در شاخص های مربوط به ساختار اقتصادی(درآمدهای نفتی)، اجتماعی(نبود نهادهای مدنی قوی)، فرهنگی(فرهنگ سیاسی تابعیتی- قبیله‌ای) و ساخت حکومت پدرشاهی، پس از بهار عربی شاهد دو سرنوشت و تجربه کاملاً متمایزی از ثبات و بی‌ثباتی سیاسی بوده اند؟ فرضیه این است که علیرغم این شباهت‌ها، بحرین به دلایلی نظیر تجربیات پیشین مبارزات سیاسی شیعیان، توزیع ناعادلانه ثروت، مشاغل و مناصب‌ و نگاه شهروند درجه دوم به شیعیان در توزیع شاخص های رفاهی، شغلی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی مرتبط با حکمرانی و غیره پس از وقوع بهار عربی با بی ثباتی سیاسی مواجه شد. این درحالی است که قطر پس از بهار عربی برخلاف کشور بحرین به دلایلی همچون توزیع نسبتاً همگن مذهبی (اقلیت شیعی)، استمرار شاخص های نسبتاً خوب رفاهی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی، در کنار آزادسازی‌های سیاسی از بالا به پایین و تدریجی از ثبات سیاسی نسبی برخوردار بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Qatar and Bahrain, two completely different experiences of political stability after the Arab Spring

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khalil Sardarnia 1
  • Hengameh Alborzi 2
  • Mohammad Mahdavi Ara 3
1 Professor of Political Science Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 PhD student in political science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 MA in political science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This analytical-descriptive study And with the method of historical sociology, by using the theoretical foundations related to the concept of political stability and instability, it has sought to answer this question why Bahrain and Qatar, despite having similar characteristics in the indicators related to the economic (oil revenues), social indicators (lack of strong civil institutions), cultural indicators (subordinate tribal political culture), and paternalism political structure, have undergone different fates of stability and instability in the region following the Arab Spring. The research hypothesis indicates that Bahrain's political unrest following the Arab Spring was caused by factors including the country's history of Shia political upheaval, the unfair distribution of wealth, positions, and jobs, and Shias' perceived inferiority in society as evidenced by indicators of economic, social, and political governance. On the other hand, Qatar has enjoyed relative political stability since the Arab Spring, owing to factors such as a relatively homogeneous religious distribution (Shia minority), the continuation of relatively good welfare, economic, and social indicators, and gradual top-down political liberalization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Arab Spring"
  • "Political stability"
  • "Legitimacy"

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