Iranian Perspective to Understand the Obstacles and Failure in Relations between Tehran - Baku

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Azerbaijan’s relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran have been shaped by its status as a Shia state under an actively secular government. In this regard, religion, ethnicity and geography have does more to hinder than help ties between Azerbaijan and Iran. While Azerbaijan is majority Shia - aside from Iraq, the only state neighboring Iran to not be predominantly Sunni - its secular leadership views the Iranian doctrine of guardianship of the jurist as a danger to the regime’s survival. Baku emphasizes Azeri nationalism over Islamic solidarity and has sought to remove religion from the public sphere; it regularly charges Tehran with backing preachers and religious extremists in Azerbaijan, claiming Tehran aims to overthrow the Aliyev regime. Iran, in turn, sees this ethnic focus as an attempt to foment secession among Iran’s ethnic minorities in the border region between the two states, and views Azerbaijan as aggressive in bringing in outside powers and claiming mineral rights in the Caspian

Keywords


الف- فارسی
 احمدی،  ح.1390. «بررسی کتاب‌های درسی جمهوری آذربایجان، با تأکید بر کتاب‌های تاریخی»، فصلنامه مطالعات ملی، سال12 ؛ شماره 2.
امیدی، ع. 1384. ایجاد منطقه مشترک؛ راه حلی برای برون رفت از بن-بست رژیم حقوقی دریای خزر، فصلنامه مطالعات آسیای مرکزی وقفقاز، سال چهاردهم، دوره چهارم، شماره 52.
پوراحمدی، ح و رضائی م. 1392. «ارزیابی و تبیین ابعاد حملۀ نظامی احتمالی به ج.ا.ایران»، فصلنامة راهبرد دفاعی، سال یازدهم، شمارة 43، پاییز
جعفری ولدانی، ا. 1385. «دیدگاه-های نظری در مطالعات منطقه ای»، اطلاعات سیاسی اقتصادی، شماره 224-223، فروردین و اردیبهشت
داداندیش، پ و کوزه‌گر کالجی، و. 1389. «بررسی انتقادی نظریه مجموعه امنیتی منطقه‌ای با استفاده از محیط امنیتی قفقاز جنوبی»، فصلنامه راهبرد، شماره 56، پائیز.- سلیمانی، ا. 1390. «نگاهی به روابط جمهوری آذربایجان با اسرائیل»، گفتگو در: مرکز بین المللی مطالعات صلح، 6 تیرماه.
شفیعی، ن و رضائی م. 1390. «جنگ روسیه و گرجستان؛ زمینه ها و محرک های اثرگذار»، دوفصلنامه مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی، شماره 9. پائیز و زمستان
صیدی، م. 1388. «عوامل ژئوپلتیک جمهوری آذربایجان و تأثیر آن بر امنیت ملی ج.ا. ایران»، فصلنامه مطالعات آسیای مرکزی و قفقاز، شماره 65، بهار
طاهایی، س. 1391. «سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (نظریه و واقعیت)»، برگرفته از وب سایت مرکز تحقیقات راهبردی، اردیبهشت.
کولایی، ا. 1389. «جمهوری اسلامی ایران و ژئوپلتیک قفقاز جنوبی»، فصلنامه ژئوپلتیک، سال ششم، شماره اول، بهار.
کولایی، ا و اصولی ق.1391. «چگونگیِ تغییر روابط امنیتی شدۀ ایران و جمهوری آذربایجان»، دوفصلنامه مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی، سال پنجم، شماره 10، بهار و تابستان.
مجتهد زاده، پ. 1379. ایده های ژئوپلتیک و واقعیت های ایرانی، تهران: نشر نی.
محمودلو، ی،  خلیلف، ر .و  آقایف، ص. 2003. آتاریوردو (کتاب تاریخ کلاس پنجم)، باکو: تحصیل (به زبان ترکی با الفبای لاتین).
 ملکی، ص. 1394. «دست‌درازی باکو به میراث ایرانی»، دیپلماسی ایرانی، 11 خرداد
ب- انگلیسی
Abilov, Shamkhal. 2009. “The Azerbaijan-Israel Relations: A Non-Diplomatic, But Strategic Partnership”, http://www.usak.org.tr/dosyalar/dergi/gm3veLfV7Q5rP83jaIV34UObvarinb.pdf
Binnie, Jeremy. 2012. “Analysis: Iran Threatens to Deploy Subs to the Caspian,” Jane’s Defence Weekly, August 8
 Binnie, Jeremy. 2012. “All at Sea – Iran Threatens Military Moves into the Caspian”, Jane’s Defence Weekly, September 24, https://janes-ihscom.
Buzan Barry and Waver Ole. 2003.  Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Cagaptay, Soner, and Alexander Murinson. 2005. “Good Relations between Azerbaijan and Israel: A Model for Other Muslim States in Eurasia?” in Policy Watch (Washington Institute for Near East Policy), No. 982, 30 March
http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/good-relations-betweenazerbaijan-andisrael-a-model-for-other-muslim-state
Carig, Nation, R.. 2007. “Russia, the United States, and the Caucasus”, Strategic Studies Institute (SSI), U.S. Army War College, February.
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub764.pdf
Cutler, Robert. 2012. “Iran Muscles in on Azerbaijan”, Asia Times, March 7, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/NC07Ag01.html
Dekmejian, R. Hrair and Hovann H. Simonian, (2001), Troubled Waters: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region, London: I. B. Tauris.
Diba, Bahman. 2011. “Russian Maneuver in Caspian Sea: Who is the Hypothetical Enemy?”, December 18
http://www.payvand.com/news/11/dec/1182.html.
Ehteshami, Anoushirvan. 2004. “Iran’s International Posture after the Fall of Baghdad”, The Middle East Journal, Washington: Spring, Vol. 58, No. 2.
Formentini, Federico and Tommaso Milani. 2012. “The Legal Status of the Caspian Sea: History of the Treaties between the Riparian States,” Working Paper, European Center for Energy Security Analysis, October
Friedman, George. 2013. “Geopolitical Journey: Azerbaijan and America”, Geopolitical Weekly, Tuesday, June 11, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/geopolitical-journey-azerbaijan-and-america
Graeber, Daniel J. 2012. “Iran Looking for Dragons in Caspian Sea,”Oilprice,http://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/Iran-Looking-for-Dragons-in-Caspian-Sea.html
Gurbanova, Nargiz. 2012. “Azerbaijan is Not Israel’s Secret Staging Ground”, Foreign Policy, April 2
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/04/02/azerbaijan_is_not_israels_secret_staging_ground?page=full;
Grove, Thomas. 2012. “Azerbaijan Eyes Aiding Israel against Iran”, Reuters,September30, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/30/us-iran-israel-azerbaijan-idUSBRE88T05L20120930
Karbuz, Sohbet. 2010. “The Caspian’sUnsettledLegal Framework: Energy Security Implications”, Journal of Energy Security, May 18
http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=244:thecaspiansunsettledlegalframeworkenergysecurityimplications&catid=106:energysecuritycontent0510&Itemid=31
Kucera, Joshua. 2012. “Iran Practices Laying Mines in Caspian”, September 20
Kucera, Joshua. 2012. “The Great Caspian Arms Race”, Foreign Policy, June 22
Mankoff, Jeffrey. 2012. “The Big Caucasus: Between Fragmentation and Integration”, March,
http://csis.org/files/publication/120326_Mankoff_BigCaucasus_Web.pdf
Misera, Aaron. 2013. “To Each Their Own: The Southern Caucasus and Iranian Influence”, Policy Department, Directorate-General for External Policies, Europian Parliament, March.
Nichol, Jim. 2012. “Azerbaijan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests”,June29. http://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=716713
Jenkins,Gareth, 2012, “Occasional Allies, Enduring Rivals: Turkey’s Relations with Iran”,
Perry, Mark. 2012. “Israel’s Secret Staging Ground”, Foreign Policy, March 28, 2012.
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/03/28/israel_s_secret_staging_ground?page=full
Valiyev, Anar. 2012. “Azerbaijan-Iran Relations: Quo Vadis, Baku?,”,PONARS Eurasia, ,September,    
Weiss, Clara. 2012. Russia Prepares for a US – Israel Military Strike against Iran, 28 April.
Weiss“Azeris Feel Iranian Pressure,” The BBC, February 16, 2010.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8516682.stm.
Weiss Iran’s Azeri Question: What DoesIran’s Largest Ethnic Minority Want?”, Eurasianet, April 14, 2003
http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/culture/articles/eav041503.shtm
Weiss “Azerbaijani MPs Propose to Change Country’s Name,” AZ Trend, February 1, 2012
http://en.trend.az/news/politics/1986820.html. “Azerbaijan to Change Name to ‘Northern Azerbaijan’ to Annoy Iran?,” Joshua Keating, February 2, 2012.
http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/02/02/azerbaijan_to_change_name_to_northern_azerbaijan_to_annoy_iran
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2909.htm
Weiss “Analysis: Iran Threatens to Deploy Subs to the Caspian,” Jane’s Defence Weekly, August 8, 2012.   
 “Associated Press”, (March 14, 2012), “Azerbaijan Arrests Alleged Iran-Hired Terrorists”.
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/03/14/22-arrested-in-azerbaijan-in-plot-on-us-israeli-embassies/
“Associated Press, (July 3, 2012), “Iran Arrests 2 Azerbaijan Nationals as Spies.
Associated Press, “Israel Signs $1.6 Billion Arms Deal with Azerbaijan,” Haaretz, February 26, 2012.
“Azerbaijan’s Israeli Weapons: A Lot for Armenia, But a Little For Iran, Too?” The Bug Pit, Eurasianet.org, April 12, 2012. http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65258
CIAS, “Iran,” World Factbook, (2012), Updated January 3,
 “Reuters. February 12, 2012. “Iran Summons Azeri Envoy over Scientist Killing,”,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/12/us-iran-azerbaijan-idUSTRE81B0OS20120212.
“Tehran Protests Eurovision ‘Gay Parade’ in Baku,” De Spiegel, May 23, 2012.