Explanation of China s Regional Balancing Policy in the Middle East

Arkhevani Pirsalami, Fariborz; Mirahmadi, Saeid

doi:10.22124/wp.2019.3685

Explanation of China s Regional Balancing Policy in the Middle East

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Assistance Professor, Shiraz University

² M.A in Regional Studies, Shiraz University

10.22124/wp.2019.3685

Abstract

From past to now, one of the most important researches part in regional studies has been study of great powers role in Middle East. This article aim is explanation of China s Midlle East policy in a last decade with emphasis on concept of "regional balancing". The main question of the article is why china chooses regional balancing policy in the Middle East? The argument is the china choice rooted in three level of national, regional and global analysis. Findings of the research with descriptive- explanative method shows that some factors in national level such as, China position in transition route of development, principle of respect to countries sovererignty and territorial integrity and islam factor are important. In regional level, the most important variables are: economic importance of Middle East and maintainance of markets, China s necessary to Middle East resources of energy and cooperation with regional partners and finally, in global level some factors like: simultaneously competition and cooperation with United States, belt and road initiative and China s soft power and cultural influence are important

Keywords

References

ارغوانی، فریبرز و دیگران (1394) «آمریکا و چالش قدرت در آمریکای لاتین: مقایسه رویکرد ایران و چین»، فصلنامه پژوهش‌های راهبردی سیاست، شماره 15، زمستان، صص 124-95.

شاه منصوری، تاج محمد، شامیری، افشین (1389) «اهداف و منافع چین در آسیای مرکزی پس از 11 سپتامبر از همکاری و هم‌جواری تا دیپلماسی اقتصادی بین‌المللی»، فصلنامه مطالعات آسیای مرکزی و قفقاز، بهار، شماره 68، صص 75 - 88.

شریعتی نیا، محسن (1389) «چین و اسراییل: تجارت راهبردی، بازیگران ثالث»، فصلنامه مطالعات منطقه‌ای: آمریکا شناسی – اسراییل شناسی، سال 11، شماره 3، صص 64-49.

عسگر خانی، ابومحمد، الوند، مرضیه سادات (1393) «کار ویژه‌های قدرت نرم در سیاست خارجی چین»، پژوهش‌نامه ایرانی سیاست بین‌الملل، سال سوم، شماره 1، پاییز و زمستان. صص 1-25.

علیمات، محمد (1394). چین و خاورمیانه از جاده ابریشم تا بهار عربی، ترجمه فریبرز ارغوانی، تهران: انجمن ژئوپلیتیک ایران.

متقی، ابراهیم و دیگران (1395)«گذار از موازنه گرایی منطقه‌ای به تنش‌زدایی در سیاست خارجی ترکیه»، فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین‌الملل، شماره 33، بهار، صص 136-105.

متقی، ابراهیم (1392)، «تحول رهیافت موازنه قدرت در نظم‌های منطقه‌ای: هویت گرایی در برابر ساختارگرایی»، مجله راهبرد، تابستان، شماره 67, صص 192-165.

نیاکویی، امیر، ستوده، علی‌اصغر (1395) «الگوی تقابل بازیگران منطقه‌ای و فرا منطقه‌ای در منازعات داخلی سوریه و عراق 2015-2011»، مجله راهبرد، شماره 80 صص 117-152.

Alterman, Jon B. & Garver, John W. (2008)The Vital Triangle, China, The United States and The Middle East, Washington, D.C: Center For Strategic and International Studies.

Al-Nahyan, Khalid S.Z. (2013). THE THREE ISLANDS. London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies.

Al Tamimi, Naser (2016), China-Saudi Arabia Relations 1990-2012: Marriage of Convenience or Strategic Alliance,London: Routledge.

Barzegar, Keyhan (2010)." Balance of Power in The Persian Gulf:An Iranian View". Middle East Policy,Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp.74-87

BP Energy Outlook (2018) "Statistical Rewiew of World Energy". (Observed 2018, 12, 18) at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/energy-outlook.html.

Calder, Kent (2005) "East Asia and the Middle East: A Fateful Energy Embrace".The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly. Vol 3, No 3, pp. 5-11.

Chen, James. (2011). "The Emergence of China in the Middle East", Institute for National Strategic Studies, December, No. 271, pp.1-8.

Chen, Mo (2011) "Exploring Economic Relations between China and the GCC States", Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia),Vol 5, No 4, pp. 88-105.

CIA-World Fact Book (2018) "The World Fact Book". (Observed 2018, 12, 15) at:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworldfactbook/rankorder/2001rank.html.

Cornet, Alexandre (2018) "The Strategic Challenges of The Silk Roads", Asia Focus, No. 79, pp. 1-13.

Dorsey, James (2017) China and the Middle East: Venturing into the Maelstrom (Global Political Transitions), Washington,D.C: Palgrave Macmillan.(observed: 13,6,2017) at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-dorsey/the-middle-east-china ven_b_9015838.html.

Ehteshami, Anoushiravan & Horesh, Niv (2018) China's Presence in the Middle East,The Implications of The One Belt, One Road Initiative, London: Routledge.

Friedfeld, L. & et al . (2015) Israel and China: From Silk Road to Innovation Highway, New York: Partridge India Publishing.(observed:13,6,2017)at:https://www.amazon.com/Israel-China-Silk-Innovation Highway/dp/148285161X.

Garver.John.(2006) China and Iran:Ancient Partners in a Post Imperial World, Washington:Washington University Press (Observed 15.12.2017) at: http://www.washington.edu/uwpress/search/books/GARCHC.html.

Global Energy Statistical Yearbook (2018) "Global Energy Statistical Yearbook". (Observed 2018, 11, 25) at: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/.

Jankovic, Aleksandar (2016) "New Silk Road, New Growth Engine",The Review of International Affairs, No. 11- 61, January–March, pp. 5-21.

Karasik.Theodore.(2016) "The GCC's New Affair With China", Middle East Institute Policy Focus, February, pp. 1-8.

Lum, Thomas (2010) China and the U. S: Comparing Global Influence, New York: Nova Science Publisher.

Muhammad. Alaa Abd el-Hafeez (2014) "Chinese policy on the Arab- Israeli conflict: constant determinants and variables".Contemporary Arab Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 437–450

Nolte, Detlef. (2010)." How to Compare Regional Powers: Analytical Concepts and Research Topics". International Studies, No. 36,881-901.

Olimat, Muhamad S. (2016).China and the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Strategic Partnership in a Changing World, Maryland: Lexington Books.(observed: 13,6,2017) at: https://www.amazon.com/China-Gulf-Cooperation-Council Countries/dp/1498545025.

Overholt, William (2010) " China in the Global Financial Crisis: Rising Influence, Rising Challenges", The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 1, January, pp. 21-34.

Roskin, M. Berry, G. (1999) The New World of International Relations.New Jersey: Prentice Hall. (observed 7,11,2017), at: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/ir-michael-g-roskin/1119330385.

Sinkiang (2019) "About Xinjiang". (Observed 2019, 4, 4) at: http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/axj/index.html.

TradeMap (2018) "Yearly Time Series". (Observed 2018, 11, 25) at: https://www.trademap.org/Index.aspx.

Turki Al-Sudairi, Mohammed (2012) "Sino-Saudi Relations: An Economic History", Gulf Research Center, August, pp. 1-38. (Observed 2018, 11, 12) at: www.grc.net.

Varij Kazemi, Abbas & Xiangming, Chen (2014) "China and the Middle East: More Than Oil".The European Financial Review. February – March, pp. 40-44. (Observed 2018, 11, 15) at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277816073_China_and_the_Middle_East_More_Than_Oil.

Weede, Erich (2010) "The Capitalist Peace and the Rise of China: Establishing Global Harmony by Economic Interdependence".International Interactions: Empirical and Theoretical Research in International Relations. Vol. 36, No 2, pp. 206-213.

Weissmann, Mikael (2015) "Chinese Foreign Policy in a Global Perspective: A Responsible Reformer Striving For Achievement", Journal of China and International Relations (JCIR). Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.151-166.

World Bank (2018) "Countries". (Observed 2018, 12, 18) at: https://www.worldbank.org/.

Yang, Jian (2011) "Japan’s Decline Relative to China: Scenarios and Implications for East Asia".Political Science. Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 146–165.