Exploring of Pictorial and Verbo-Pictorial Metaphors in anti-cold war posters

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 General Linguistics, Humanity Faculty, University of Guilan, Iran, Guilan, Rasht

2 Assistant Professor, English Department, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

3 General Linguistics, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

One of the tools of producing advertising content in various fields is metaphor. Nowadays due to the progress of advertising through visual media, application of pictorial metaphor has become extensively important and worthwhile in conveying the ideological content. The aim of the present study is to analyze and interpret the Pictorial, Verbo-pictorial metaphors and other conceptual domains in Persian anti-cold war posters within the framework of Forceville (1996). This research is qualitative and its method is descriptive-analytical. The present study also seeks to answer these questions: 1. What kind of conceptual metaphors are used in posters against cold war to convey concepts? 2. What are the conceptual domains of the metaphors used in anti-soft war posters? 3. What concepts of origin are written in the target domain of the metaphors used in the anti-soft war posters? Moreover, this study is to divulge other cognitive tools. In this regard, out of the available pictures and posters, ten of them have been selected at random. The result of different tools has been used by the designers of the posters and pictures. These cognitive tools include conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymies, blending, the use of colors symbolically, and mixed and static metaphor. In mono-modal metaphorical pictures and posters, images have been able to convey the concept of coping with soft war independently and in multimodal metaphorical pictures and posters words merge into images and provide the intended concept to the audience.

Keywords


پورابراهیم، شیرین (1393). «بررسی استعاره‌های کلامی-تصویری در چند پوستر مناسبتی زبان فارسی». پژوهش‌های زبان‌شناسی. ش 11. صص 35-19.
پورابراهیم، شیرین (1395). «نقش استعاره تصویری درتحلیل انتقادی کلام: مطالعه کاریکاتورهای سیاسی». پژوهش‌های زبان‌شناسی. ش 14. صص 37-52.
خیری، زهرا، (1390)، «بررسی و مقایسه کارایی نظریه استعاره مفهومی و آمیزش مفهومی در تبیین تبلیغات استعاری تعدادی از مجلات خانوادگی ایرانی». پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان،.
همتی، طاهره و جولایی، کامیار (1396). «استعاره‌ها و مجازهای مفهومی در تبلیغات رسانه ملی؛ رویکردی شناختی و پیکره بنیاد». پژوهش‌های ارتباطی. ش 4، د 24. صص 55-71.
Black, Max (1993): “More about metaphor, In A. Ortony, ed., Metaphor and thought”, New York: Cambridge University Press, 19-41.
Dirven, Rene & Paprotté, Wolf (1985). The Ubiquity of Metaphor: Metaphor in Language and Thought. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Fauconnier, G. & Turner, M. (1996). Blending as a Central Process of Grammar. In A. Goldberg (Ed.) Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language (pp. 113-130). Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information.
Forceville, C. (1994), “Pictorial metaphor in advertisement”, Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 9(1), 1-29.
Forceville, C (1996). Pictorial Metaphor in Advertising. London: Routledge.
Forceville, C (2002). “The identification of target and source in pictorial metaphors”, Journal of Pragmatics, l34, 1-14.
Forceville, C (2006). Non-verbal and multimodal metaphor in a cognitivist framework: agendas for research. In Kristiansen, G. Achard, M. Dirven R. & Ruiz de Mendoza Ibanez, F. (Eds.) 379-402. Cognitive Linguistics: Current Applications and Future Perspectives, Berlin: Mouton de Gruter.
Forceville, C (2007), “Multimodal metaphor in ten Dutch TV commercials”, Public Journal of Semiotics, 1, 19–51.
Forceville, C. & Urios-Aparisi, E. (2009), Multimodal Metaphor, Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Forceville, C., Veale, T. & Feyaerts, K. (2010). Baloonics. The Visuals of Balloons in Comics, In Goggin, J. & Hassler-Forest, D. (Eds.): The RISE and REOSON of Comics and Graphic Literature:Critical Essays on the Form. 1-23. (A pre-print Version).
Hodge, Robert and Gunther Kress (1993), Language as Ideology, London: Routledge.
Kovecses, Zoltan (2010), Metaphor: A Practical Introduction, New York: Oxford University Press.
Lakoff, George & Johnson, Mark (1980), Metaphors We Live By, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Musolff, A. (2012). “The study of metaphor as part of critical discourse analysis”, Critical Discourse Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3, 301-310.
Mühlhäusler, Peter (1999), “Metaphor and Metonymy in Environmental Advertising”, Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Vol. 24, No. 2. 167–180.
Nye, Joseph (2004), Soft Power, New York: PublicAffairs.
Ortony, Andrew (1993), “Metaphor and Thought”, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.