Exemption from civil liability in electronic commerce in the light of international rules and its effects on international trad

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student of private law, Meybod branch, Islamic Azad University, Meybod , Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Law, Shahid University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Meybod Branch, Islamic Azad University, Meybod , Iran.

Abstract

Today, with the ever-increasing development of new phenomena in international commercial and economic relations and its departure from the traditional form, a large amount of these exchanges are done online and electronically. has provided and due to the necessity of using this type of tool, especially in the field of international e-commerce, in addition to its advantages; We witness the existence of harmful actions and abuses due to activities and services in this field. There is no doubt that actors who violate international trade rights in this field have civil responsibility to compensate for their actions. But despite accepting the duties and responsibilities of these actors based on the theory of fault and the general rules of commercial civil liability, in some international legal systems such as the European Union's e-commerce directive and the American Digital Age Act and other countries, in addition to that, due to the existence of witness legal protections There are some exceptions, exemptions and limitations of liability in this field that exempt governments and individuals from compensation. In this article, the author has tried to identify and compare examples of exemptions and limitations of civil liability in electronic commerce laws in international documents by using the comparative method and while examining the conditions of applying these immunities, its effect on commercial relations between countries in the light of Compare and identify.

Keywords

References

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