نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجو دکتری حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.
2 دانشیار حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.
3 استادیار حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Money laundering through real estate transactions poses a significant challenge to criminal policy and economic governance because of the high value of properties, the potential to conceal beneficial ownership, and the complexity of financial flows. The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Convention), by emphasizing the criminalization of money laundering, the identification of criminal proceeds, and the strengthening of international cooperation, provides a framework for addressing this phenomenon. However, the Convention does not directly require states to eliminate private documents or mandate the formal registration of all real estate transactions. This study examines the relationship between international anti-money laundering obligations, transparency in real estate transactions, and the reform of Iran’s criminal policy. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach and drawing on international instruments and domestic legislation, it investigates the role of official registration, beneficial ownership identification, tracing the source of funds, and information exchange in reducing opportunities to conceal criminal proceeds. The findings indicate that restricting the legal effect of private documents, provided that such restrictions have a clear legal basis, safeguard the rights of good-faith third parties, and ensure citizens’ effective access to the registration system, can constitute part of an anti-money laundering strategy. The effectiveness of this approach depends on linking registration reforms with risk-based financial supervision, information exchange, and cross-border cooperation.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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