صلح پایدار و عدالت سیاسی جهانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران

چکیده

جنگ و صلح تاریخی بسیار طولانی به درازای زندگی بشریت دارد. فارغ از تلاش های علمی برای تبیین مفهومی جنگ عادلانه و قانون‌گذاری های بین المللی برای تعیین محدودیت و مشروعیت آن، پدیده جنگ همواره ناخوشایند بوده است. از این رو، دانشمندان حوزه های گوناگون علوم اجتماعی تلاش کرده اند تا با نظریه‌پردازی های دقیق راه های دستیابی به صلح فراگیر و عادلانه را فراروی دولت ها و ملت ها قرار دهند. بی‌تردید مهم ترین، یا دست کم بحث‌انگیزتزین این تلاش ها، آموزه صلح دموکراتیک بوده است که بر مفاهیم اخلاقی جهانشمول اتکا دارد. به واقع، آیا می توان برای آرمان صلح جهانی بنیان های اخلاقی مشترک جست و در دوران کنونی جهان‌شهرگرایی اخلاقی را محقق ساخت؟ گمان می رود در مدرنیته اخیر بنیان های اجتماعی جهان شهرگرایی فرو پاشیده و این مفهوم به یک دلبستگی تفننی تبدیل شده است. با این وجود، تلاش برای تبیین واقعیت های کنونی و چشم اندازهای آینده جوامع با بهره گیری از الگوی جهان‌شهرگرایی، به ویژه از جایگاهی اخلاقی همچنان اهمیت دارد. بحث از جهان شهرگرایی اخلاقی ما را به دو نظریه پرداز برجسته آن، یعنی ایمانوئل کانت و جان راولز رهنمون می کند. این دو اندیشمند به ترتیب بر «صلح پایدار» و «عدالت سیاسی جهانی» تاکید دارند. این مقاله در بررسی رابطه «صلح پایدار» کانت و «عدالت سیاسی جهانی» راولز، نشان می دهد که مفهوم اخیر در آرمان‌گرایی جمهوری‌خواهانه، از بنیان های اخلاقی صلح پایدار کانتی چون خودسامانی، قلمرو غایت ها و قراردادگرایی اجتماعی تاثیر پذیرفته است. اما واقع گرایی سیاسی راولز تلاش دارد تا بر ابهام کانت در چگونگی پر کردن فاصله بین عمل به امر مطلق و ساخت سیاسی فایق آید. بدین سان، او نظریه اخیر خود را بر دوری گزینی از دلالت های جهان شهرگرایانه فراتاریخی کانتی بازسازی می کند. این اندیشه آرمان-واقع گرا در پژوهش های کنونی صلح دموکراتیک تداوم یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Perpetual Peace and World Political Justice

نویسنده [English]

  • . .
چکیده [English]

Regardless of the scientific efforts for conceptual clarification of just war and International legislation for determining its restriction and legitimacy, the phenomenon of war is always unpleasant. Undoubtedly the most important, or at least most Controversial of these efforts, has been the doctrine of democratic peace, which relies on universal moral concepts. In fact, can we find common moral foundations for the ideal of world peace and realize moral cosmopolitan in our time? It is believed that cosmopolitan has been collapsed during the late modern and the concept has become a fancy attachment.However, trying to explain the current reality and future prospects of communities, benefiting from cosmopolitan pattern, especially in a moral position, is still important. Discussion of the moral cosmopolitanism lead us to two prominent theorist, Immanuel Kant and John Rawls. These two scholars, emphasize on "perpetual peace" and "world political justice" in turn. This article, examining the relationship between Kant's "perpetual peace" and Rawls' "global political justice", indicates that the recent concept has been influenced of the moral foundations of Kant's perpetual peace in republican idealism, like self-organizing, Kingdom of Ends and social contractualism. But Rawls' political realism attempts to overcome on Kant's ambiguity on how to bridge the gap between the action to categorical imperative and political structure. Thus, he reconstruct its recent theory at ​​the escaping of Kant's cosmopolitan and transhistorical implications. The idea of ​​the ideal-realistic continues in the current studies of democratic peace.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Perpetual Peace
  • World Political Justice
  • Moral Cosmopolitanism

مراجع

الف- فارسی
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