مسئولیت حمایت و دوراهی حاکمیت و مداخله در شورای امنیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد تمام روابط بین الملل، گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی

2 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

برقراری تعادل میان هنجار مداخله بشردوستانه و هنجار حاکمیت (عدم مداخله)، بزرگ‏ترین چالش مسئولیت حمایت به‏ شمارمی‏ آید. علاوه بر این، تکثر نیات و منافع اعضای دائم شورای امنیت ملل متحد به‏ مثابه متولی اصلی تحقق مسئولیت حمایت نیز مانع از شکل‏گیری درکی منسجم پیرامون این مفهوم شده‏ است. پرسش اصلی پژوهش حاضر این است که مواضع شورای امنیت و کنش اعضای دائم آن طی سال‏های 2018-2005 چه تأثیری بر قدرت هنجاری مسئولیت حمایت و تبدیل آن به یک رژیم بین‏المللی مستحکم و فراگیر داشته ‏است؟ فرضیه مقاله این بوده ‏است که به‏ رغم اجماع اولیه در شورای امنیت پیرامون مسئولیت حمایت، اولویت متفاوت اعضای دائم غربی (ایالات متحده، انگلیس و فرانسه) و شرقی (روسیه و چین) این شورا در ترجیح هنجار حاکمیت یا هنجار مداخله بشردوستانه، نه‏ تنها مسئولیت حمایت را از مسیر تبدیل به یک رژیم بین ‏المللی مستحکم و فراگیر خارج‏ نموده، بلکه نشان‏ می‏دهد این مفهوم کماکان بخشی از یک منازعه عمومی شایع در جامعه بین‏ الملل باقی ‏مانده و به عادت رفتاری دولت‏ها تبدیل‏ نشده و حتی به مرحله دورنی‏سازی هنجار نیز نرسیده‏ است. روش پژوهش طی این مقاله، اسنادی-کتابخانه‏ای بوده و به شیوه توصیفی-تحلیلی با تکیه بر داده‎های عینی-تاریخی انجام پذیرفته ‏است. یافته ‏های پژوهش نیز درستی فرضیه مقاله را نشان‏ می‏ دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Responsibility to Protect and the Dilemma of Governance and Intervention in the Security Council

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin 1
  • Mohammad Asadi 2
1 Professor of International Relations Kharazmi University
2 PhD Student in International Relations, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Establishing a balance between the two norms of humanitarian intervention and sovereignty (non-intervention) is the most serious challenge the responsibility to protect faces. Although the United Nations Security Council is the main promoter of the responsibility to protect, numerous goals and interests of the permanent members of the council prevents a comprehensive understanding of the concept of sponsored responsibility. The question of the current research is: “how the recent statuses and actions of the permanent members of the UN Security Council have affected the normative power of the responsibility to protect and transforming it into a global comprehensive regime?” The primary response is that, despite of the initial consensus in the Security Council on the responsibility to protect, different priorities of the permanent western (United States, England and France) and eastern (Russia and China) members of the Security Council in favor of sovereignty or humanitarian intervention not only has deviated responsibility to protect from its main route toward turning into a global inclusive regime, but it also shows that this concept remains as a common public debate in the international community and has not turned to be a behavioral pattern of states. Therefore the norm of responsibility to protect has not even reached to the internalization level. The research methodology utilized in this paper is descriptive-analytic descriptive-analytical based on objective-historical data.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Responsibility to Protect
  • Humanitarian Intervention
  • Sovereignty
  • Norm
  • The Security Council

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