تمتع از فناوری بلاک‏چین در پرتو مقررات سازمان جهانی تجارت برای مبارزه با فساد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل، گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساری، ساری، ایران

2 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قائم شهر، قائم شهر، ایران( نویسنده مسوول).

3 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

تقریباً در تمام موافقت‌نامه‌های سازمان جهانی تجارت شاهد ترویج برخی مؤلفه‌های حکمرانی مطلوب جهت همگرایی برای پیشگیری از فساد و مبارزه با آن در تجارت بین‌الملل بودیم تا با تکوین محیط تجاری مناسب شرایط رقابت منصفانه ایجاد گردد. با روش فراتحلیل واقف شدیم سازمان جهانی تجارت در کنار مفاد موافقت‌نامه‌ها تا چه میزان تحت تاثیر فناوری بلاکچین توانسته از فساد پیشگیری نماید. در این راستا مقررات موافقت‌نامه‌های سازمان و رویکرد آن به فساد در تجارت بین‌الملل تبیین و تاثیر استفاده از فناوری زنجیره‌های بلوکی در آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این بررسی نمایان کرد سازمان جهانی تجارت در مفاد موافقت‌نامه‌ها اعضا را به رعایت برخی مؤلفه‌های حکمرانی مطلوب ملزم که غیرمستقیم با رویکردی پیشگیرانه تداعی کننده مبارزه با فساد بوده علاوه بر آن تمتع از فناوریهای نوین در موافقتنامه تسهیل تجاری و موافقتنامه تجارت خدمات و تدارکات دولتی ذیل مفاهیمی از قبیل پنجره واحد تجاری و قراردادهای هوشمند را مورد توجه و استفاده اعضا قرار داده است. اگرچه استفاده از این فناوری تاحدودی در تسهیل تجارت، معاملات دولتی و تجارت خدمات به خوبی عمل کرده ولی با فقدان زیرساختهای لازم سبب ناکارمدیها و چالشهایی گردیده است که نمی تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای نهادهای قدرتمندتر باشد، بلکه در حقیقت با تقویت این نهادها بیشترین کارآیی را برای آنها بوجود می‌آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Enjoying block chain technology in the light of WTO regulations to combat corruption

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ramin Moradi 1
  • karan rohani 2
  • reza nasiri larimi 3
1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran. (Customs Officer)
2 Assistant Prof Law, Ghaemshahr Branch,Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr, Iran,(Corresponding Author)
3 Assistant Prof Law, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Almost in all WTO agreements, we are considering the promotion of some elements of good governance to prevent and combat corruption in international trade in order to create a fair competitive environment by creating a conducive business environment. Through meta-analysis, we learned to what extent the World Trade Organization, in addition to the provisions of the agreements, has been able to prevent corruption under the influence of block chain technology. In this regard, the provisions of the organization's agreements and its approach to corruption in international trade were explained and the impact of the use of block chain technology was examined. The study showed that the WTO in the provisions of the agreements obliges the members to observe some components of good governance that are indirectly associated with a preventive approach to combating corruption. It is shown that enjoying block chain technology to set single windows and make use of smart contracts have been considered and used by members according to the relevant agreements. Although the use of this technology has worked well to some extent in facilitating trade, government procurement, and the trade in services, it has led to inefficiencies and challenges in the absence of the necessary infrastructure, which in fact cannot be a viable alternative to powerful institutions that it is created to be replaced.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • International Trade
  • Fighting Corruption
  • WTO Regulations
  • Block chain
  • Trade Facilitation

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