ارزیابی سیاست‌های روسیه در مواجهه با تحریم‌ صنایع نفت‌ و گاز این کشور توسط غرب (2022-2024)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران ، ایران

2 دانشجوی‌ دکترای روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

پس از آغاز جنگ اوکراین در ۲۰۲۲، غرب با اعمال تحریم‌های شدید علیه صنایع انرژی روسیه کوشید ظرفیت صادراتی این کشور را محدود سازد. این پژوهش با روش ترکیبی کیفی-کمی، در چارچوب مفهومی تحریم، به بررسی سیاست‌های روسیه برای مقابله با این فشارها می‌پردازد. پرسش اصلی آن است که روسیه چه سیاست‌هایی را برگزید و آیا موفق عمل کرد؟ فرض بر آن است که چهار سیاست «تحریم متقابل»، «آسیاگرایی»، «توانمندسازی ارزی» و «حمایت‌گرایی فناوری» توانستند مقاومت اقتصادی روسیه را تقویت کنند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که با وجود افت اولیه در صادرات و درآمدهای انرژی، روسیه با تنوع‌بخشی به بازارها، کاهش وابستگی ارزی، جایگزینی فناوری داخلی و استفاده از ابزار انرژی برای فشار متقابل، بخش زیادی از آثار منفی تحریم‌ها را خنثی کرد. در نتیجه سیاست‌های اقتصادی نوین روسیه نه‌تنها کارآمد بوده‌اند، بلکه تجربه‌ای مهم در مواجهه با تحریم‌های بین‌المللی ارائه می‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Russia's policies in the face of Western sanctions on its oil and gas industries (2022-2024)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fazel Moridifarimani 1
  • Mohammad Mahdi Emadi Moghadam 2
1 Department of Economics and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD student in International Relations, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

Following the outbreak of the Ukraine war in 2022, the West imposed severe sanctions on Russia’s energy sector in an effort to curtail the country’s export capacity. This study, employing a mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology within the conceptual framework of sanctions, examines Russia’s policy responses to these external pressures. The central research question addresses which strategies Russia adopted and whether they proved effective. The hypothesis posits that four key policies—counter-sanctions, pivot to Asia, currency empowerment, and technological protectionism—contributed to strengthening Russia’s economic resilience. The findings indicate that, despite an initial decline in energy exports and revenues, Russia managed to mitigate much of the sanctions' adverse impact through market diversification, reduction in currency dependency, domestic technological substitution, and leveraging energy resources as a counter-pressure tool. Consequently, Russia’s new economic strategies not only proved effective but also offer a significant case study in responding to international sanctions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Russia
  • Oil and Gas
  • Economic Policies
  • Western Sanctions

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