حکمرانی امنیت زیستی و مقابله با بیوتروریسم: تحلیل سیاست جنایی ایران در پرتو رژیم‌های بین‌المللی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دوره دکتری، گروه حقوق، واحد کرج ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج ، کرج ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار،گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران.

10.22124/wp.2026.9970

چکیده

بیوتروریسم از جمله تهدیدات نوظهور است که پیامدهای آن از قلمرو جرم علیه اشخاص فراتر رفته و سلامت عمومی، امنیت ملی، نظم اجتماعی و ظرفیت‌های حکمرانی را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. ویژگی‌هایی مانند قابلیت انتشار عوامل زیستی، دشواری تشخیص منشأ رخداد، امکان گسترش فرامرزی و ضرورت واکنش سریع و هماهنگ، موجب شده است که مقابله با آن صرفاً از طریق جرم‌انگاری و مجازات امکان‌پذیر نباشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل سیاست جنایی ایران در قبال بیوتروریسم، از چارچوب نظری حکمرانی امنیت زیستی و رژیم‌های بین‌المللی بهره می‌گیرد. پرسش اصلی پژوهش آن است که سیاست جنایی ایران تا چه اندازه توانسته است میان ظرفیت‌های کیفری، بهداشتی، امنیتی، علمی و مدیریتی برای پیشگیری و مقابله با تهدیدات زیستی هماهنگی ایجاد کند و الزامات رژیم‌های بین‌المللی مرتبط را در سیاست‌گذاری داخلی انعکاس دهد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اگرچه ایران از ظرفیت‌های قانونی، نهادی و تخصصی متعددی برای مقابله با تهدیدات زیستی برخوردار است، پراکندگی مقررات، تعدد نهادهای ذی‌ربط، ضعف هماهنگی بین‌بخشی، غلبه رویکرد واکنشی و فاصله میان ظرفیت‌های حقوقی و اجرایی، از چالش‌های مهم سیاست جنایی در این حوزه محسوب می‌شود. بر این اساس، مقابله مؤثر با بیوتروریسم مستلزم گذار از رویکرد صرفاً کیفری به حکمرانی یکپارچه امنیت زیستی و تقویت همکاری‌های ملی و بین‌المللی است.. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biosecurity Governance and Countering Bioterrorism: An Analysis of Iran’s Criminal Policy in Light of International Regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa nozari 1
  • Davod Karami 2
  • majid vaziri 3
1 PhD student, Department of Law, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.
2 .Corresponding Author, Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Bioterrorism is an emerging threat whose consequences extend beyond crimes against individuals to public health, national security, social order, and governance capacity. The potential dissemination of biological agents, difficulty identifying the origin of incidents, possible cross-border spread, and the need for rapid responses make it impossible to address bioterrorism solely through criminalization and punishment. This study analyzes Iran’s criminal policy toward bioterrorism through the theoretical framework of biosecurity governance and relevant international regimes. It examines the extent to which Iran’s criminal policy has coordinated criminal, health, security, scientific, and managerial capacities for preventing and responding to biological threats and reflected relevant international requirements in domestic policymaking. Using a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study analyzes domestic legal provisions, international instruments and frameworks, and scholarly literature. Findings indicate that Iran possesses substantial legal, institutional, scientific, and specialized capacities, but fragmented regulations, multiple institutions, weak intersectoral coordination, a predominantly reactive approach, and gaps between legal and operational capacities remain major challenges. Thus, the central problem is not merely a lack of capacity, but inadequate governance and integration. Effective counter-bioterrorism requires integrated biosecurity governance, stronger prevention and detection, improved interinstitutional coordination, and expanded international cooperation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioterrorism
  • Biosecurity governance
  • Criminal policy
  • International regimes

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