‏ تحول سیاست امنیتی ژاپن: از صلح جویی منفعلانه به کنشگری فعالانه ‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشیار مطالعات منطقه ای دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

پویایی و پیش‌بینی‌ناپذیری یکی از ویژگی‌های انکارناپذیر سیاست بین‌المللی است و همین مسئله در سیاست خارجی دولت‌ها نیز به‌وضوح قابل‌رؤیت است. در همین راستا شاید بتوان سیاست خارجی ژاپن را به‌عنوان یک نمونه از سیاست خارجی پویا و در حال تغییر مورداشاره قرارداد. شکست ژاپن در جنگ جهانی دوم منجر به تحولات عظیم درصحنه سیاست خارجی این کشور شد و وضعیت امنیتی آن را به‌طور کامل تغییر داد. به‌مرورزمان و به‌ویژه بعد از جنگ سرد ما شاهد آن هستیم که سیاست‌ امنیتی این کشور دچار فرازوفرودهای بسیاری شده و گاه رفتار متناقضی از خود نشان داده است؛ رفتاری که به تعبیر پیترکاتزنشین به «اسکیزوفرنی در سیاست خارجی» شباهت دارد. همین رفتار متناقض ژاپن باعث شده است که سیاست خارجی ژاپن به یک معما تبدیل‌شده و درک آن سخت شود. در این مقاله ابتدا تلاش می‌شود تا تغییرات طولانی‌مدت در سیاست خارجی ژاپن از دوره بعد جنگ جهانی دوم تا سال ۲۰۱8 میلادی بررسی‌ و به این سؤال پاسخ داده شود که هویت امنیتی ژاپن از سال 1945 تاکنون (2018) چه فرایندی را طی کرده است؟ در راستای پاسخ به این سؤال دوره‌های سیاست خارجی ژاپن به سه دوره زمانی ۱۹۴۵ تا ۱۹۹۰، ۱۹۹۰ تا ۲۰۰۱ و ۲۰۰۱ تا 2018 تقسیم‌شده و استدلال می‌شود که در طی دوره پس از جنگ جهانی دوم ژاپن از یک دولت صلح‌طلب منفعل به یک دولت صلح‌طلب فعال تبدیل‌شده است. روش پژوهش پیش رو توصیفی –تحلیلی بوده و با تکیه‌بر منابع کتابخانه‌ای انجام می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Evolution of Japan's Security Policy: From Pacifism to Proactive Pacifism

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeynab Farhadi 1
  • Bahareh Sazmand 2
1 .
2 .
چکیده [English]

Dynamics and unpredictability are undeniable features of international politics, and this is clearly visible in the foreign policy of governments. In the same vein, Japan's foreign policy may seem like an example of a dynamic and changing foreign policy. Japan's defeat during the Second World War led to enormous changes in the country's foreign policy and its security status completely changed. In the meantime, and especially after the Cold War, one can see that the foreign policy of Japan has encountered many ups and downs and has sometimes shown contradictory behaviors; behaviors that, in Peter J. Katzenstein's interpretation is similar to " schizophrenia in foreign policy". Such Japan's contradictory behavior has made Japan's foreign policy a riddle and difficult to understand. This paper first attempts to investigate the long-term changes in Japan's foreign policy from the post-World War II to 2018. It then tries to find the answer to the question of what processes Japan's security identity has been going through? In response to this question, Japan's foreign policy eras are divided into three periods which include 1945-1990, 1990-2001, and 2001-2018, and it is argued that Japan has changed from a passive peaceful state to an active pacifist state. The research methodology followed is descriptive-analytic and is carried out through secondary research method

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Normalization
  • Active pacifism
  • The United States
  • North East Asia
  • Article 9.‎
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