روایت‌های‌ تاریخی و حافظه جمعی؛ خلق هویت یا تشدید درگیری‌های قومی در قفقاز جنوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه مطالعات منطقه ای دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

روایت‌هایی که از حقایق رخ داده در گذر زمان مورد پذیرش همگان قرار می‌گیرند، به تدریج حافظه جمعی یک ملت یا یک گروه قومی را شکل می‌دهند. این حافظه جمعی به تدریج و در برخورد با سایر ملت‌ها و یا گروه‌ها، متصلب و تغییرناپذیر می‌شوند. به ویژه اگر دو گروه رقیب در یک کشور و یا منطقه، موجودیت خود را در کسب پذیرش قاطع از روایت خود از واقعیت‌های مشترک تاریخی بیابند. به طور کلی اسطوره‌ها، روایت‌های تاریخی و حافظه جمعی به عنوان ابزاری برای شکل‌دهی به هویت قومی و ملی در جوامع مختلف مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. این امر، کارکرد مثبت روایت‌های موجود از وقایع تاریخی هستند. اما این ابزارها در بسیاری از مناطق و در میان بسیاری از گروه‌های قومی علاوه بر هویت‌سازی، کاربردی دیگر یافته و به عنوان ابزاری برای تغییر موازنه در درگیری‌ها به ویژه برخوردهای تاریخی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. بر همین اساس، مطالعه حاضر بر کارکرد دوگانه روایت‌های تاریخی که در برخوردهای قومی مهم در قفقاز جنوبی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته، تمرکز داشته است. این روایت‌ها در درک شکل‌گیری و تداوم درگیری‌های قومی- سرزمینی در این منطقه اهمیت بسزایی خواهد داشت. از این رو در مقاله پیش‌رو در پاسخ به این پرسش که روایت‌های تاریخی و حافظه جمعی چه تأثیری بر روند درگیری‌های قومی در قفقاز جنوبی داشته است؟ در کنار بررسی نقشی که اسطوره‌سازی، روایت‌های تاریخی و حافظه جمعی در شکل‌گیری هویت قومی در منطقه قفقاز جنوبی داشته‌اند، به تأثیر این عوامل بر تشدید مهم‌ترین درگیری‌های قومی در این منطقه پرداخته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Historical Narratives and Collective Memory; Creating identity or intensifying ethnic conflicts in the South Caucasus

نویسندگان [English]

  • ELAHEH KOOLAEE 1
  • fahimeh khansari fard 2
1 FACULTY MEMBER- UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN
2 University of Isfahan
چکیده [English]

The narratives that have been accepted over time form the collective and historical memory of a nation or ethnic group gradually. This collective memory will gradually become inflexible in dealing with other nations or groups. This will become more complicated if two rival groups in one country or region find their entity in gaining a general acceptance of their narrative from common historical realities. In general, myths, historical narratives, and collective memory are used as tools for shaping ethnic and national identity in different societies. In fact, this is the positive function of existing narratives from historical events. But in many areas, and among many ethnic groups, these tools have also been used as a tool for changing the balance of conflicts, especially historical conflicts. In this way, the present study focuses on the dual function of historical narratives that have been used in important ethnic clashes in the South Caucasus region. These narratives will be importance in understanding the formation, intensification, and continuity of ethnic-territorial conflicts in this region. Therefore, in this study, to find the answer to this question that: what have been the effect of historical narratives and collective memory on the process of ethnic conflicts in the South Caucasus? in addition to examining the role that myths, historical narratives, and collective memory have played in shaping ethnic identity in the South Caucasus region, the impact of these factors on intensifying and deepening the most important ethnic conflicts in the region has been studied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Collective Memory
  • Ethnic Conflicts
  • Historical Narratives
  • Myth Making
  • South Caucasus
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