نقش رهبری سیاسی در شکل‌گیری و عملکرد دولت توسعه‌گرا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

در تحلیل سیاست توسعه به‌طور کلی و خاستگاه‌ و عملکرد دولت‌های توسعه‌گرا به طور خاص، بر مفهوم اراده سیاسی رهبران تاکید می‌گردد که در نهایت حاصل نهادها هستند. اما در مورد اینکه این اراده لازم برای تغییر و ایجاد نهادها، چگونه و از کجا نشات می‌گیرد توضیح قانع‌کننده ارائه نمی‌شود. هدف اصلی این نوشته بررسی نحوه شکل‌گیری دولت توسعه‌گرا و عوامل تاثیرگذار در این زمینه است. براساس یک روش کیفی (ردیابی فرایند ) و بهره‌گیری از دستاوردهای نظری «فاز سوم نهادگرایی» کوشیده‌ایم با رمزگشایی از جعبه سیاه اراده سیاسی، نشان دهیم که «این رهبری سیاسی است که در وهله اول زمینه لازم برای شکل‌گیری و عملکرد مناسب دولت توسعه‌گرا را فراهم می‌آورد. رهبری طی فرایندی به پشتوانه‌ی سرمایه سیاسی به ائتلاف‌سازی می‌پردازد و از طریق چارچوب‌بندی مجدد، بیان جدیدی از مشکلات اساسی و موانع توسعه و راه‌حل‌هایی آن‌ها ارائه می‌دهد و با مشی عمل‌گرایانه خود بحران‌های احتمالی در این مسیر را مدیریت می‌نماید». یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در فرایند رهبری سیاسی به عنوان یک مکانیسم علی، متغیرهای متعددی با روابط مختلفی وجود دارند که در نهایت شکل‌گیری دولت توسعه‌گرا و فرایند کلی توسعه تاحد زیادی به آنها بستگی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of political leadership in the formation and functioning of a developmental state

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Etaat 1
  • Asghar Mansourian 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University
2 PhD student in political science at Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

In the analysis of development in general and the origin and performance of developmental state in particular, the concept of political will, which is ultimately the result of institutions, is emphasized. But there is no convincing explanation of how and where this necessary will to change and create institutions comes from. The main purpose of this article is to examine how the developmental state was formed. Using a qualitative method (process tracing) and taking advantage of the theoretical achievements of the "third phase of institutionalism" and by deciphering the black box of political will, we will show that "It is the political leadership that provides the necessary ground for the formation and proper functioning of the developmental state. Leadership builds coalitions through a process backed by political capital and, through re-framing, provides a new expression of the underlying problems and obstacles to development and their solutions, and manages potential crises along the way with its pragmatic approach." The findings of this study show that in the process of political leadership as a causal mechanism, there are several variables with different relationships that ultimately affect the formation of the developmental state and the overall development process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Developmental state
  • Political Will
  • Political Leadership
  • Change
  • Third Phase of Institutionalism

مراجع

اطاعت، جواد و منصوریان، اصغر (1399)، «رهبری سیاسی و بحران کرونا؛ مطالعه موردی آمریکا، هندوستان و آلمان»، فصلنامه روابط خارجی، سال دوازدهم، بهار شماره۱، صص 103-77.
پارکر، جان (1383)، ساختاربندی، ترجمه امیرعباس سعیدی پور، تهران: انتشارات شیان، تهران.
شهابی، بهنام؛ دانایی‌فرد، حسن، آذر، عادل (1395)، «تبیین ثبات و تغییر خط‌مشی یارانه‌ای ایران: چهارچوب ائتلاف مدافع»، فصلنامه مدیریت سازمان‌های دولتی، سال پنجم، زمستان شماره 1، صص 88-67.
لفت‌ویچ، آدریان (1385)، دمکراسی و توسعه، ترجمه افشین خاکباز و احد علیقلیان، تهران: طرح نو.
Alcántara Sáez,Manuel (2017), “Political career and political capital”, Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 73,pp:1-16.
Bailey,J  and Axelrod,RH(2001), “Leadership lessons from Mount Rushmore: An interview with James MacGregor Burns”, The Leadership Quarterly, 12 (1), 113-121.
Bass, B. M. (1990), Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications, 3rd Edition, New York: The Free Press
Beach, Derek, and Rasmus Pedersen(2013). Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Bennister , Mark, Ben Worthy, and Paul ‘t Hart(2017),  The Leadership Capital Index A New Perspective on Political Leadership, Oxford University Press.
Bennister, Mark et al. (2014), “Political Capital and the Dynamics of Leadership”. Paper presented at ECPR Joint Sessions of workshops, 10th -15th April, Salamanca, Spain.
Brady, David and Spence,Michael(2010), Leadership and Growth, World Bank Publications, ISBN 13: 9780821381007.
Blick, A. and Jones, G. W. (2010). Premiership: The Development and Power of the Office of the British Prime Minister. London: Imprint Academic.
Blondel, J. (1987), Political Leadership: Towards a General Analysis, Sage, London ,ISBN: 0803980361
Booth, D. (2012) “Development as a collective action problem”. Synthesis Report of the Africa Power and Politics Program. At: http://www.institutions-africa.org.         
Bratton,Michael & Eldred Musunungure (2011) “The Anatomy of Political Predation: Leaders, Elites and Coalitions in Zimbabwe, 1980-2010”, DLP Research Paper 09. Birmingham: Developmental Leadership Program,pp:1-66.
Bulpitt, J. (1986). “The Discipline of the New Democracy: Mrs. Thatcher’s Domestic Statecraft”, Political Studies, 34(1), 19–39.
Buller, J. and James, T. S. (2011). “Statecraft and the Assessment of National Political Leaders: The Case of New Labour and Tony Blair”, The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, Volume: 14 issue: 4 : 534-555.
Burns, J. M. (1977) “Wellsprings of Political Leadership,” American Political Science Review, 71:1, (March), 266-275.
Burns, J. M. (2003), Transforming Leadership, New York:   Atlantic  Monthly.
Capoccia, G., and Kelemen, R. D. (2007). “The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism”, World Politics, 59(3): 341-369.
Dartey-Baah,Kwasi(2014),”Effective leadership and sustainable development in Africa: is there “really” a link?”,Journal of Global Responsibility, Vol. 5 Iss 2. 203 – 218
Dasandi, N. and Hudson, D. (2017). The Political Road to Digital Revolution: How Myanmar’s Telecoms Reform Happened. DLP Research Paper 43. Birmingham: Developmental Leadership Program,pp:1-26
De Chantal, François Vergniolle   and Alexandre-Collier,Agnès(2015), Leadership and Uncertainty Management in Politics: Leaders, Followers and Constraints in Western Democracies, Palgrave, Palgrave Studies in Leadership Series, 9781137439246.
Denney, L. and R. McLaren (2016). Thinking and Working Politically to Support Developmental Leadership and Coalitions: The Pacific Leadership Program. DLP Research Paper 41. Birmingham: Developmental Leadership Program,pp: 1-46
Elcock,Howard J. (2001), Political Leadership, Edward Elgar, ISBN 1 84064 059 6.
Fletcher, G., T. Brimacombe and C. Roche (2016), “Power, Politics and Coalitions in the Pacific: Lessons from Collective Action on Gender and Power”. DLP Research Paper 42. Birmingham: Developmental Leadership,pp:1-44.
Foley, M. (ed.) (2013), Political Leadership: Themes, Contexts, and Critiques, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
George, Alexander L., and Andrew Bennett(2005),  Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Goldfinch, Shaun ,‘t HartPaul (2003),"Leadership and Institutional Reform: Engineering Macroeconomic Policy Change in Australia", Governance, Volume16, Issue2,Pages 235-270
Grint, K. (2005). Leadership: Limits and Possibilities, Hamsphire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Head, B. W., & Alford, J. (2015). “Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management”, Administration & Society, 47(6), 711–739.
Held, D. and Leftwich, A. (1984). “A discipline of politics?” In A. Leftwich (ed.), What is Politics?, Oxford: Blackwell.
Hudson ,David and Adrian Leftwich(2014), “From Political Economy to Political Analysis”, DLP Research Paper 25. Birmingham: Developmental Leadership Program,pp:1-126.
Jentges,Erik(2017), “Leadership Capital, A Bourdieuian Reinterpretation”, at:  Bennister , Mark, Ben Worthy, and Paul ‘t Hart(2017),  The Leadership Capital Index A New Perspective on Political Leadership, Oxford University Press.
Kay, Adrian, and Phillip Baker(2015). “What Can Causal Process-Tracing Offer to Policy Studies? A Review of the Literature”, Policy Studies Journal, 43 (1): 1–21.
Lawrence, T.B. and Suddaby, R. (2006) “Institutions and institutional work”, in R. Clegg, C. Hardy, C., T. B. Lawrence, T. B. and W. R. Nord W. R. (eds.) Handbook of Organization Studies, 2nd Edition. London: Sage.
Lauridsen, L. S. (2008), State, Institutions and Industrial Development. Industrial deepening and upgrading policies in Taiwan and Thailand compared, Vol. 1. Aachen: Shaker Verlag.
Leach, S., Hartley, J., Lowndes, V., Wilson, D. and Downe, J. (2005), Local Political Leadership in England and Wales, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Leftwich, A. (2012), “Workshop Paper - Coalitions in the Politics of Development. Findings, insights and guidance”, DLP Coalitions Workshop, Sydney, February 15-16, 2012. Birmingham: Developmental Leadership Program.
Leftwich , Adrian (2009) “Bringing Agency Back In: Politics and Human Agency in Building Institutions and States”, DLP Research Paper 6. Birmingham: Developmental Leadership Program,pp:1-40.
Linsky ,Marty and Heifetz ,Ronald A.(2017) Leadership on the Line: Staying Alive through the Dangers of Leading, Harvard Business School Press.
Lowndes, Vivien and Roberts, Mark(2013), Why Institutions Matter: The New Institutionalism in Political Science, PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, ISBN 9780333945063 Paperback.
Lyne de Ver, H. (2008) “Leadership, Politics and Development: A Literature Survey” LECRP Background Paper, ”. DLP Research Paper 03. Birmingham: Developmental Leadership,pp:1-64.
Mahoney, James(2010) “After KKV: The New Methodology of Qualitative Research”,World Politics, 62 (1): 120–47.
Maclean, K. (2014), “The ‘Medellin Miracle’: The Politics of Crisis, Elites and Coalitions”, DLP Research Paper 24, Birmingham: Developmental Leadership Program.
Melo ,Marcus Andre, James Manor, Njuguna Ng'ethe(2012), Against the Odds: Politicians, Institutions and the Struggle Against Poverty, Oxford University Press; 1st edition, ISBN 9781849041195
Mintrom, M. & Norman, P. (2009). “Policy entrepreneurship and policy change”, The Policy Studies Journal, 37 (4), 649-667.
Mintrom, M. & Vergari, S. (1996). “Advocacy coalitions, policy entrepreneurs, and policy change”, Policy Studies Journal, 24 (3), 420-434.
Mumford ,Michael D., Antes ,Alison L., Caughron ,Jay J., Friedrich ,Tamara L. (2008), “Charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leadership: Multi-level influences on emergence and performance”, The Leadership Quarterly, 19, p: 144–160
Mumford, M. D. (2006), Pathways to outstanding leadership: A comparative analysis of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders. Mahwah,NJ: Erlbaum
Nazneen, S., Hossain, N., and Sultan, M. (2011), “National discourses on women’s empowerment in Bangladesh: continuities and change”. IDS Working Papers, 368: 1-41.
Nye, J. (2008), The Power to Lead. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ostrom, E., Gibson, C., Shivakumar, S., and Andersson, K. (2002) Aid, incentives, and sustainability: an institutional analysis of development cooperation. Stockholm: Sida.       
Paige, G. D. (1977),The scientific study of political leadership, New York: Free Press.
Ricci, D.M. (1984),The Tragedy of Political Science: Politics, Scholarship, and Democracy, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sebudubudu, D. and Molutsi, P. (2009). “Leaders, Elites and Coalitions in the Development of Botswana”, DLP Research Paper 2, Birmingham: Developmental Leadership Program
Spark , Ceridwen, John Cox & Jack Corbett (2019), “Gender, political representation and symbolic capital: how some women politicians succeed”, Third World Quarterly, DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2019.1604132
Swartz, D. L. (2013). Symbolic Power, Politics, and Intellectuals. The Political Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
ODI-IKM. (2009). “Policy-making as discourse: a review of recent knowledge-to-policy literature”, Working Paper 5, August 2009. Overseas Development Institute (ODI) and Emergent Issues in Information and Knowledge Management (IKM)
Tadros, M. (2011) ‘Working Politically Behind Red Lines: Structure and agency in a comparative study of women’s coalitions in Egypt and Jordan’. DLP Research Paper 12. The Developmental Leadership Program. At: http://www.dlprog.org/ftp/info/Public%20Folder/1%20Research%20Papers/Working%20Politically%20Behind%20Red%20Lines.pdf.
Tattersall, Amanda(2012), ‘Power in Coalitions’: experiences and challenges, in Coalitions in the Politics of Development Findings, insights and guidance from the DLP Coalitions Workshop, Sydney, 15-16 February, at: http://www.mspguide.org/sites/default/files/resource/dlp_coalitions_in_the_politics_of_development.pdf.
Termeer CJ, Dewulf A, Breeman G, et al. (2015),”Governance capabilities for dealing wisely with wicked problems”,Administration & Society, 47(6): 680–710.
Unsworth, S. (2002) “Understanding Incentives and Capacity for Poverty Reduction”,    http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/foi/dc/23may02_poverty.pdf, pp: 1-20

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار