رقابت آمریکا و چین در منطقه خاورمیانه (2020-2010)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

2 روابط بین الملل- دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی- دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی- تهران- ایران

چکیده

منطقه خاورمیانه همواره صحنه کشمکش قدرت‌های بزرگ بوده است. این درگیری به واسطه اهمیت این منطقه از منظر تامین انرژی و معادلات ژتوپولیتیک برای این قدرت‌ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. با عبور از جنگ سرد و فرارسیدن عصر دیجیتال عرصه‌های رقابت قدرت‌های بزرگ نیز دچار دگردیسی گردید با این وجود رقابت میان قدرت‌های بزرگ و به خصوص آمریکا و چین در این منطقه علی‌رغم اهمیت بسیار بالای آن کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. برای مشخص نمودن وضعیت این رقابت ناگزیر بودیم تا با روند پژوهی تحولات منطقه در طول مدت زمان 2010 الی 2022 به ابعاد گوناگون این رقابت احاطه پیدا کنیم. در اینجا آنچه سوال اصلی مقاله ما را شکل می‌دهد آن است که رقابت آمریکا و چین در منطقه خاورمیانه در چه ابعادی پیگیری شده است؟ فرضیه این پژوهش نیز اینگونه است که رقابت این دو قدرت در عرصه منطقه خاورمیانه محدود به یک بعد نبود و به همین جهت برای دستیابی به یک دید جامع‌تر در این مقاله به سه بعد اساسی این رقابت یعنی رقابت سیاسی دیپلماتیک، اقتصادی و نظامی امنیتی پرداختیم. یافته‌های ما نشان دهنده گسترش زمینه‌های رقابت در هر سه بخش بود. رقابت در ابعاد اقتصادی برای چین و رقابت در عرصه های نظامی و امنیتی برای ایالات متحده از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردار بودند. در این پژوهش از روش توصیفی تحلیلی با تکیه بر داده‌های اسنادی-کتابخانه‌ای استفاده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

US-China competition in the Middle East (2010-2022)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Shakiba 1
  • Morteza Nourmohammadi 2
1 Graduated with IR from Allameh Tabatabai University
2 Associate Professor of International Relations, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Middle East region has always been the scene of conflict between great powers. This conflict has been considered due to the importance of this region from the point of view of energy supply and geopolitical equations for these powers. With the passing of the Cold War and the arrival of the digital age, the arenas of competition between the great powers also underwent a transformation, however, the competition between the great powers, especially the US and China, in this region has received little attention despite its high importance. In order to determine the status of this competition, we had to survey the development process of the region during the period of 2010 to 2022 to find various aspects of this competition. Here, the main question of our research is, to what extent has the competition between US and China been pursued in the Middle East? The hypothesis is that the competition between these two powers in the Middle East region was not limited to one dimension, and for this reason, in order to achieve a more comprehensive view, in this paper, we discussed the three basic dimensions of this competition such as political/ diplomatic, economic and military/ security competition. Our findings indicated the expansion of the fields of competition in all three sectors. Competition in economic dimensions for China and competition in military and security fields were more important for the United States. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method has been used, relying on documentary-library data.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The US
  • China
  • Middle East
  • Competition
  • Great Powers

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