سیاست خارجی اوباما و ترامپ در خاورمیانه با تأکید بر استراتژی موازنه فراساحلی (2020-2008)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد روابط بین الملل، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 دکتری روابط بین الملل، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

10.22124/wp.2024.28206.3388

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر به بررسی رویکردهای سیاست خارجی باراک اوباما و دونالد ترامپ در قبال تحولات خاورمیانه از منظر موازنه فراساحلی می‌پردازد. هر دو دولت تلاش کرده‌اند تا از مداخله مستقیم آمریکا در منطقه پرهیز کنند و به مقابله با تهدیداتی مانند جمهوری اسلامی ایران و نفوذ چین بپردازند. اوباما با استفاده از دیپلماسی هوشمند و روش‌های نرم، نیروهای نظامی را از جنگ‌های منطقه‌ای خارج کرده و به تقویت تحریم‌های حقوق بشری و جایگاه آمریکا پرداخته است. در مقابل، ترامپ با سیاست فشار حداکثری، خروج از برجام و نزدیک کردن کشورهای عربی و اسرائیل در قالب پیمان ابراهیم، سعی در مقابله با نفوذ ایران داشته است. ضمن اینکه هر دو دولت تنها در موارد محدودی که مداخله گزینشی و در چارچوب استراتژی توازن فراساحلی است نسبت به دفع تهدیدات بزرگ در خاورمیانه اقدام نظامی محدود انجام دادند که در یمن و سوریه و ائتلاف علیه تروریسم نمود یافته است. این مقاله با استفاده از روش مقایسه‌ای و چارچوب نظری موازنه فراساحلی، داده‌ها را به‌صورت کتابخانه‌ای گردآوری کرده است

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Obama and Trump's Foreign Policy in the Middle East with an Emphasis on the Offshore Balancing Strategy (2008-2020)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin 1
  • Mahdi Ansari 2
1 Professor of International Relations, Department of International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. in International Relations, Department of International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study examines the foreign policy approaches of Barack Obama and Donald Trump towards developments in the Middle East from the perspective of offshore balance. Both governments have tried to avoid direct US intervention in the region and to confront threats such as the Islamic Republic of Iran and China's influence. Obama, using smart diplomacy and soft methods, has withdrawn military forces from regional wars and strengthened human rights sanctions and the position of the United States. In contrast, Trump has tried to confront Iranian influence with a policy of maximum pressure, withdrawal from the JCPOA, and bringing Arab countries and Israel closer together in the form of the Abraham Accords. In addition, both governments have only taken limited military action in limited cases, which are selective interventions and within the framework of offshore balance strategy, to repel major threats in the Middle East, which have been manifested in Yemen and Syria and the coalition against terrorism. This article has collected data in a library format using a comparative method and the theoretical framework of offshore balance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Affordable and Managed Presence
  • Offshore Balance
  • Obama
  • Trump
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