راهبرد آمریکا برای حفظ نظم بین‌المللی لیبرال( 2024-2011).

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

10.22124/wp.2026.32048.3607

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر، نظم بین‌المللی لیبرال تحت رهبری ایالات متحده با چالش‌هایی چون ظهور قدرت‌های تجدیدنظرطلب، فرسایش نهادهای چندجانبه و تحولات ساختاری در فناوری و اقتصاد جهانی مواجه شده است. این مقاله با تمرکز بر سیاست خارجی آمریکا در دوره ۲۰۱۱ تا 2024 و در چارچوب راهبرد «چرخش به آسیا»، نشان می‌دهد که واشنگتن برای حفظ نظم موجود از مداخله مستقیم فاصله گرفته و به‌سوی راهبرد «احاله مسئولیت» حرکت کرده است. چارچوب نظری پژوهش بر بازخوانی نظریه احاله مسئولیت و پیوند آن با رهیافت‌هایی چون موازنه فراساحلی، وابستگی متقابلِ تبدیل‌شده به سلاح و قدرت ساختاری استوار است. پرسش اصلی این است که راهبرد چرخش به آسیا چگونه در خدمت حفظ نظم طراحی و اجرا شده است؟ فرضیه آن است که آمریکا از این راهبرد برای کاهش هزینه‌های هژمونی و مدیریت نظم از طریق احاله مسئولیت به متحدان بهره برده است. بر پایه منابع علمی، اسناد رسمی و آثار نظری معتبر، نتیجه مقاله آن است که نظم بین‌المللی لیبرال نه در حال افول بلکه در حال بازسازی است؛ بازسازی‌ که به‌جای سلطه آشکار، بر مدیریت زیرساخت‌ها، روایت‌های مشترک و واگذاری مسئولیت به بازیگران همسو تکیه دارد. از نظر روش‌شناسی، مقاله در سنت تحلیل کلان‌ساختاری و بر رویکرد کیفی تفسیرمحور استوار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The United States’ Strategy for Preserving the Liberal International Order, (2011-2024)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin 1
  • Arian Khanghahi Rezaei 2
1 Corresponding Author, Professor, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 M.A. Student, Department of International Relations, , Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, the U.S.-led liberal international order has faced growing challenges, including the rise of revisionist powers, the erosion of multilateral institutions, and structural shifts in global technology and the economy. Focusing on U.S. foreign policy from 2011 to 2024 within the framework of the “Pivot to Asia,” this article shows how the United States has moved from direct intervention toward a strategy of “delegation of responsibility” to preserve the existing order. The theoretical framework is based on a conceptual re-reading of this theory, linked to approaches such as offshore balancing, weaponized interdependence, and structural power. The central question asks how the Pivot to Asia was designed and implemented to sustain the liberal order. The main hypothesis argues that the United States used this strategy to reduce the costs of hegemony and manage order through allies.
Drawing on recent scholarly sources, official documents, and theoretical studies, the article concludes that the liberal international order is not in decline but in transformation—shifting from overt dominance to managing infrastructures, shared narratives, and delegated responsibilities among aligned actors. Methodologically, the study employs an interpretivist qualitative approach within the tradition of macro-structural analysis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • United States
  • Liberal International Order
  • Delegation of Responsibility
  • Pivot to Asia

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